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Analysis of Oocyte Quality in the Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta)

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Contact Information	Please send any questions regarding this item to libref@uno.edu
Title	Analysis of Oocyte Quality in the Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Author	Nichols, Stephanie
Document Type	Dissertation
Keywords	assisted reproductive technologies, in vitro fertilization, in vitro maturation, oocyte karyotype, oocyte metaphase spindle morphology, ovarian senescence, rhesus macaque, sperm cryopreservation.
Abstract	Many primate populations face the threat of extinction due to habitat loss, intensive agriculture, hunting for meat, the pet trade and/or use in traditional medicines. An alternative approach to in situ conservation includes gene banking and the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Although many of these ‘high-tech’ solutions have not yet been proven viable for pragmatic wildlife conservation, basic research and development of these emerging tools can provide necessary information needed to optimize these techniques and institute ART as a routine practice in conservation efforts. A severely limiting factor in the successful application of ARTs is the availability of mature developmentally competent oocytes. Oocyte maturation involves many nuclear and cytoplasmic factors, which can be affected by maturation conditions and female age. In vitro maturation does not have the same success rate across species studied. In primates especially, IVM oocytes exhibit reduced developmental capacity upon fertilization when compared to in vivo matured (IVO) oocytes. This study aimed to investigate possible causes of reduced developmental capacity of primate IVM oocytes using the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) as a model. Research efforts included investigation of ovarian senescence, oocyte karyotype and spindle morphology, and establishment of an optimal sperm cryopreservation protocol for use in IVF. Histological examination of the rhesus ovary demonstrated an age-related pattern of follicle depletion similar to that described in the human ovary. Oocyte karyotype analysis revealed a significant effect of IVM on the frequency of hyperhaploidy. In addition, immunostaining and confocal microscopy demonstrated a significant increase of anomalous chromosome congression on the oocyte metaphase II spindle equator in relation to IVM and donor female age. These results indicate that IVM can produce serious, if not lethal consequences for embryo development. This study presents baseline data on ovarian aging in the rhesus macaque and aspects of nuclear maturation during macaque IVM that may contribute to the design of primate oocyte recovery plans. Implementation of either of two sperm cryopreservation methods originally developed for rhesus and vervet monkeys will aid future investigation of the developmental capacity of IVM oocytes.
Access	Unrestricted
Degree	Ph. D.
Degree Program	Conservation Biology
Department	Dept. of Biological Sciences
Major Professor	Bavister, Barry
Advisory Committee	Brenner, Carol; Kubisch, H. Michael; Lonergan, Thomas; Lynn, John
Date Degree Awarded	2007-05-18;
Format	PDF
URL	See 'reference url' on top or bottom navigation bars.
Relation	none
Rights	The University of New Orleans and its agents retain the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible this dissertation or thesis in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. The author retains all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis or dissertation.
Catalog Date	2007
Object File Name	none
Viewer Information	Adobe Reader required for viewing (http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readermain.html)
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Analysis of Oocyte Quality in the Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta)

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