T-Wave yearbook 1988

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T-Wave
1988
Volume VII
Tulane University
School of Medicine
New Orleans, Louisiana
T-Wave Staff
Editors Gordon D. Honda
Photography
Craig H. Kliger
Copy/Layout
Advertising Jonathan K. Leung
Business Manager
Barbara E. Bean
Kim M. Callwood
Deborah S. Fleischhacker
Laura A. Johnson
Writers Erich W. Bruhn
Kenneth D. Gordon
Susan E. Heverling
Robert J. Hopkins
Laura A. Johnson
Brian D. Kavanagh
Daniel A. Kahn
Craig H. Kliger
Monica M. O'Brien
Sheryl L Young
Beth C. Windsor
Photographers Barbara A. Carroll
Cynthia J. Cantreli
Paul H. Feinberg
Amy S. Friedman
Susan E. Heverling
Craig J. Helm
Gordon D. Honda
Craig H. Kliger
Jonathan K. Leung
Paul A. Levy
Kathy IVI. Macaulay
Susan L F. McLeilan
David E. Post
Evan S. Ratner
Jorge A. Rodruguez, Jr.
Ruri Takizavi/a-Honda
Cartoonist
Design Concept and Cover
Models
Randall G. Fisher
Craig H. Kliger
T1 Jeffery D, Allen
T2 Beth C. Windsor
T3 Mark A. Huun
T4 Laura A. Johnson
Special Assistance C. Anne Brown
Mehran Majidian
Eric A. Schoenberg
Faculty Sponsors
Nina Dhurandhar, MD
Gerald Domingue, PhD
William D. Hardin, MD
Friedrichs H. Harris, MD
Eduardo A. Herrera, MD
Newton E. Hyslop, Jr., MD
Pathology Morris D. Kerstein, MD Surgery Lewis 1. Post, MD OB/Gyn
Urology John E. Lewy, MD Pediatrics Arvin E. Robinson, MD Radiology
Surgery Peter V. Moulder, MD Surgery Rune L Stjernholm, PhD Biochemistry
Pathology Kevin P. Newman, MD Medicine M. Robert Vaupei, PhD Anatomy
OB/Gyn Ronald L Nichols, MD Surgery Watts R. Webb, MD Surgery
Medicine Joseph Nigllazzo, Jr., RN Surgery
Acknowledgements
John E. Salvaggio, MD
Mr. Al Dufore, Tulane Medical Center
Photography Studio
The Tulane Hullabaloo
Tulane Medical Center Office of Public
Relations and Information
Bill Hopkins and Kathy Brooks,
Jostens Printing and Publishing
In Memoriam
Judith J. Temple. MD
1954-1987
Lewis I. Post, MD
1918-1987
Dr. Judith Temple lost her life in a
tragic auto accident last year. A
staff physician in the Hematology
and Oncology Section of the
Department of Medicine and a
member of AOA, Judy was highly
regarded for her excellence in many
areas. Students recognized her as a
dedicated instructor and role
model. Colleagues admired her
clinical judgement and rapport with
patients. Her absence will be sorely
felt, not only by those who have
worked with her, but by future
students who will not know the joy
of her inspiration and counsel.
By only listening to him it became
obvious that Dr. Lewis Post
enjoyed his work. During his long
tenure with the Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology at
Tulane, he shared the knowledge
derived from his many years of
medical experience with thousands
of residents and students, who
knew him as a practical man, a
patient teacher, and a caring
physician. His humor, philosophy,
and encouragement will be missed
by those who reaped the benefits
of his teaching and wisdom.
We Came from
Across the Land.
One of Tulane's most valuable assets is the
diverse group of people it draws to New
Orleans for medical training from around
the United States and other parts of the
world. Students from as close as Missis-sippi
and Arkansas, and as far away as
Panama and Puerto Rico bring a variety of
geographical, socioeconomical, political,
and religious backgrounds that help enrich
our understanding of and give us insight
into the needs and problems of different
peoples.
Pictured clockwise from above: Bret Hugties,
Rama Thiiruvengadam, Tom Halvorson, Kirl<
Murdock, Debbie Bardugon, Andy Morris, Ann
Cowgill, Paul Feinberg, Pam Barthiolomew,
Anthony Masone, Scott Tweten,
and Joseph Chi.
f \ I v\/ave i(iff'A^ij<!!tt6SP £ z=s i -igjk. s=s=
In our class alone there are jazz musicians,
instrumentalists, cartoonists, poets, artists,
and songwriters. Athletes from almost
every sport also abound — runners,
swimmers, cyclists, skiers, divers, hikers,
canoeists, windsurfers, and (of course)
Ultimate Frisbee fanatics. We have
gourmet cooks who have introduced some
of us to Brazilian codfish pie, Cuban black
beans, Indonesian rice dishes, Spanish
flans, Swedish herring, grilled salmon from
the Northwest, enchiladas. New England
chowders, as well as boiled crawfish and
blackened redfish, not to mention a cake
decorator who made many a birthday
special. There is even amongst us a relative
of the inventor of the "Homan's Sign."
Through our discussions of politics, social
issues, music, and art, we have helped each
other to open our minds, or to confirm
within us previously established opinions.
The spectrum of thoughts, ideas, and
creativity among our class is often
surprisingly broad — perhaps broader than
we are willing to admit. ..or put up with.
This diversity has exposed us to new
concepts and experiences, enriched our
lives, piqued our interests, and helped us to
accept and enjoy the differences in others.
It is something that makes Tulane unique
from many other medical schools. We will
continue to enrich the hves of each other in
the years to come as we continue and renew
friendships formed while acquiring our
medical educations.
21
Our Home States
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To Learn the Art
of Medicine...
The real practice of Medicine — the "art"
of Medicine — involves a great deal more
than the simple act of prescribing medic-ation
or performing a surgical procedure.
Rather, it requires a soothing touch, a
sincere interest in and dedication to a
patient's recovery and future health, just
the right number of compassionate and
caring words, and the ability to realize
when one can help, and when one cannot.
Over the past four years we, as students of
this art, have come to know the importance
of a well mind to the ailing body as it heals.
The influences of lifestyle on health are
becoming increasingly more apparent, and
we have come to appreciate the necessity of
educating our patients about themselves
and their illnesses. The difference a phy-sician
can make in a human life by sharing
with that person the responsibility for man-aging
his or her problems is enormous. Our
goal should always be to try to improve the
overall quality of life of those we help as we
strive to improve our own. Through these
efforts we, as physicians, can better the
world around us.
Our professors and instructors have shared
with us their knowledge and skills so that
we may, in turn, use the current and future
technology, medications, and techniques to
better and prolong the lives of others. They
have also worked to instill within us a love
and desire for further education. The inter-actions
with our peers these past few years
have taught us to support, care, and accept
each other as well as those we care for.
We've each witnessed the miracle of birth,
and the rewards of recovery from a debi-litating
illness. We've also felt the sadness
and frustration as those we have cared for
have passed away, and these experiences
tug at our hearts, making us strive that
much harder for the sometimes elusive
"cure" — that little something extra that
might prolong a special individual's life.
ATTEWTIQH
The Oath of Hippocrates
I do solemnly swear, by whatever I hold most sacred, that I will be loyal to the
profession of medicine, and just and generous to its members.
That I will lead my life and practice my Art in uprightness and honor.
That into whatever home I shall enter, it shall be for the good of the sick and
the well to the utmost of my power, and that I will hold myself aloof from wrong
and corruption, and from the tempting of others to vice.
That I will exercise my Art solely for the cure of my patients and the prevention
of disease, and will give no drug and perform no operation for a criminal purpose,
and far less suggest such thing.
That whatever I shall see or hear of the lives of men and women that is not fit
to be spoken, I will keep inviolably secret.
These things I do promise, and in proportion as I am faithful to this oath may
happiness and good repute be ever mine — the opposite if I shall be forsworn.
...Where "Life
Begins and Ends"
Charity Hospital of New Orleans, "The Big
Free," has for centuries served the people
of the Crescent City. Its doors never close
and no person in need is ever turned away.
For many, life begins and ends here, much
the way the seal embedded in the floor of
the front lobby proclaims to all who enter.
It is the only source of medical care for
much of the population — a dumping
ground and place of last hope for the indi-gent
and those without medical insurancCj
be it an emergency or a visit to continue
long-term treatment. Yet it is also the
"hospital of choice" for a crash or gunshot
victim, or a wounded dignitary.
As a result of the "rollercoaster" Louisiana
budget, the hospital has, in recent times,
fallen prey to shortages of both supplies
and hospital staff, stretching them literally
to their limits in the face of an ever-increasing
patient load. For this reason,
medical students have become almost
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essential for the timely care of patients.
From performing a simple blood draw or
various other "scut," to doing library
research on a difficult case, students play an
important role in the functioning of the
Hospital, which has been a training ground
for generations of physicians.
As a referral center from clinics all over
Louisiana, Charity has been the source of
many of the most vexing and unusual cases
seen during our medical training. In
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addition, the gross inefficiencies inherent in
the operation of a public hospital have also
made it the source of endless talcs told by
medical students, residents, and staff alike.
We will all carry memories of Charity,
perhaps the smile of a mother after a dif-ficult
delivery, or the pained look of a loved
one informed of a patient's untimely death.
But probably most important will be the
feeling that we can make a difference in the
sometimes insensitive world of Medicine.
ZT'^v^jcmn T-Wave
The Crescent City:
New Orleans
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For those of us who were not natives, New
Orleans became our home for four years.
During that time, we participated in her
customs and traditions, learned about her
unique politics, ate her hot and spicy foods,
and became part of her diverse population.
Some arrived with the notion that the
French Quarter was the only thing the city
had to recommend her. But it did not take
long to discover the variety of things that
was available to the curious. You could
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Pictured clockwise in the box from above: Neigtiborhood shops on Magazine Street,
Original city site on the Mississippi River, Above-ground cemeteries (a necessity).
Vendor of an old-time favorite, Westfeldt House in the Garden District,
Oal< Alley Plantation, Familiar pastime in Audubon Park,
and the world-famous St. Charles Streetcar.
browse on Magazine Street in search of that
special poster or antique, wander through
the Garden District admiring its many
architectural treasurers, relax and enjoy a
lazy afternoon in Audubon Park, or take a
peaceful ride on the streetcar under a
canopy of majestic oak branches, to name
only a few.
Of course many would regard eating as the
most popular pastime of the Crescent City,
and an abundance of restaurants, each with
its own specialties and character, stood
ready to satisfy just about any appetite.
Whether it was Cajun blackened redfish, a
shrimp po'boy (dressed of course), or
traditional Monday Red Beans and Rice,
everyone had ample opportunity to discover
his or her favorites.
But the true flavor of the city was esta-blished
by the people who call this place
home. The "laid-back" attitude of the
South that permeated daily life was slowly
integrated into all of our routines until we
learned to accept occasional inconveniences
fsuch as the rather leisurely service at most
"fast" food places, or someone making a
left turn from the right lane, in front of,
and just missing, your car; since little could
be done about them. Still, our experiences
here have inspired many memories. Yet,
perhaps the fondest of these will be the
ones that make us shake our heads (in
delight or disbelief) and think quietly to
ourselves, "Only in New Orleans!"
Vieux
Carre
The French Quarter remains the essence of
the chararter of New Orleans, echoing with
the sounds of Jazz and billowing with the
aroma of Cajun and Creole foods. Here can
be found many local favorites, such as
beignets, cafe au lait, pralines, oysters, and
sweet (and hard-hitting) Hurricanes.
As night falls few notice. The streets
remain alive with tourists, gawkers, and
hustlers who form a human blanket that
envelops Bourbon Street. Many visitors
marvel at the gardens and fountains, and
browse in small shops. One comes to realize
that few places offer the atmosphere and
ambience that are the Vieux Carre.
A ride through the Quarter. ^
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(No, ifs not Dr. Voupel!)
Tulane University
Scliool of Medicine:
An Historical Perspective
The Tulane University School of Medicine
had its beginning as the Medical College of
Louisiana in September 1834, as three
brash young physicians, all less than 26
years of age, initiated medical education in
Louisiana. They were Thomas Hunt, who
was to become the first Dean of the medical
school, Warren Stone and John Harrison.
In addition to these three founders, the
faculty of the school consisted of four other
local physicians: Augustus Cenas, Charles
Luzenberg, T. R. Ingalls, and E. B. Smith.
Establishment of the school was met with
considerable opposition from the Creoles,
whose ideas concerning medical education
were based on the European system that
stressed academics well-grounded in the
Latin and Greek classics. To them, the idea
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of providing such education without this
foundation was incomprehensible. Further-more,
they regarded American universities
with disdain, and considered them grossly
inferior to their European counterparts.
Nonetheless, the Medical College first
opened its doors in January 1835. In doing
so, it became the first medical school in the
Deep South, and the fifteenth in the
country. The inaugural address was given
by Dean Hunt at the First Presbyterian
Church. This church and various other
borrowed quarters were used for the first
lecture presentations. A lecture room in the
State House and several wards in Charity
Hospital also served as classrooms. These
temporary facilities were the only ones
available during the next several years,
while the faculty worked to secure the
funds necessary to construct a permanent
structure to house the fledgling school. In
1836, the governor of the state attempted to
help the medical faculty with their cause. A
measure appropriating 160,000 for this
purpose was proposed and passed by the
Senate. Unfortunately, the bill was defeated
by the house.
It was not until 1843 that any definitive
action was taken. On March 22nd of that
Newspaper clipping announcing the
establishment of the Medical
College of Louisiana.
Thomas Hunt, MD, first Dean
of the Medical College.
year, a law was passed permitting the
medical faculty to erect a building on a
state-owned lot located on Common Street
between Baronne and Dryades. As with
most legislative "God-sends," conditions
were placed on the appropriation. First, the
faculty members were required to donate
their services to Charity Hospital for ten
years, and, second, one student from each
parish, to be named by the senator and
representatives from that parish, were to be
guaranteed admission to the College each
year for the same period. In addition, the
state reserved the right to reclaim all
properties at the end of the term.
The fact that this bill gave professional
privileges at Charity Hospital to the faculty
of the College created an uproar among the
New Orleans' medical practitioners. This
opposition was based on the false belief that
the College would be given sole authority
over medicine and surgery at Charity.
When it was made clear that this was not
the case, the medical community was able
to work together, resulting in the best
medical care that the city had ever seen, as
well as providing the College with a clinical
teaching hospital that was gradually evol-ving
into one of the top such facilities in the
country.
4 Tulane University
School of Medicine circa 1970.
Tl^e original Constitution of thie
Medical College of Louisiana.
JAa/4 t*^iA4,^o.
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students remained enrolled. Federal
occupation of New Orleans forced the
closure of the University later that year.
In the fall of 1865, the school reopened its
doors, enrolling 185 students. But the
devastation left by the Civil War and the
subsequent Reconstruction, placed the
medical school in its most trying times,
struggling financially for its very existence
until 1884, when a wealthy New Orleans
Having obtained legislative approval and
financial funding to erect a building, the
faculty immediately set about drawing up
plans for a structure to house the Medical
College. This building was estimated to
cost $6,000 and was not completed until the
end of 1843. In 1845, a Constitutional Con-vention
directed that the Medical College
of Louisiana become the Medical Depart-ment
of the University of Louisiana. Two
years later, additional funds were appro-priated
to erect buildings for the new
University, and the original building was
returned to the state to be used by the
newly established Law Department. A
much larger building was constructed adja-cent
to the original medical building for use
by the Medical Department.
At the time of its founding, the number of
students attending the Medical College was
a grand total of 11. From 1834 to 1859, this
number grew to an impressive 276. This
rocketed to 404, however, just prior to the
War Between the States (or "Civil" War to
those not from the South) that began in
1861, as political and sectional hostility
prompted Southern students to abandon
Northern colleges. Yet, when the conflict
ensued, students joined the war effort in
such numbers that, by 1862, only 94
The Class of 1910.
SZSZ "•^Mofyjofjhe SchoolofM&dk:ln&-
' I -Wave I C3^
The Richardson Memorial
Building on the Uptown Campus
merchant by the name of Paul Tulane
bequeathed $ 1 .25 million for the endow-ment
of a university. The state legislature
then placed all the departments of the
University of Louisiana under the newly
named Tulane University of Louisiana.
This donation enabled the school to once
again assume front rank among American
medical schools.
By the early 1890s, rapid growth had
established the need for new facilities. In
1893, a new building, the Richardson
Memorial Building, was built on Canal
Street. Although this was heralded as one
of the best equipped medical buildings of
its day, by 1907, further expansion was
again needed. At that time Alexander
Hutchinson bequeathed a large sum in
memory of his wife Josephine. This fund
was used to construct a new Richardson
Building on land that was to become part of
the Uptown Campus. This building was
designed to house all the preclinical depart-ments.
Facilities of the old Richardson
Building were enlarged for clinical teaching
purposes and renamed the Josephine
Hutchinson Memorial Building.
Meanwhile, the school was continually
attempting to raise its standards. When it
was initially founded, the school year lasted
four months, and two full courses of lec-tures
were required for graduation. Since
only one set of courses existed, the students
were expected to take the same ones twice.
Admission to these lectures was gained with
a "ticket" purchased for the price of $20.
At that time, this was the sole means by
which the professors were paid. Additional
fees included a matriculation fee of $5, and
a diploma fee of $30. Incidental expenses
included the purchase of two arms for
dissection at 25 cents each. The require-ment
for admission was also rather simple,
being only the ability to finance one's
education.
Gradually, the annual sessions were expan-ded
from the original four months to four
and one-half months in 1879, then to six
months in 1893. It was also in that year that
an educational qualification for admission
Anatomy class in the Josephine
Hutchinson Memorial Building.
was first required of all students, namely a
second grade teacher's certificate of a
superintendent of education. Also, to fur-ther
strengthen educational standards,
attendance in three instead of two annual
sessions was required. In 1899, this was
lengthened to four obligatory sessions, and
in later years, the length of these sessions
was further increased until the curriculum
evolved into what it is today.
By the early 1 900s, it became apparent that
a high degree of difference existed between
the various medical schools in the country.
In 1908, Abraham Flexner was selected by
the Carnegie Foundation to undertake an
analysis of the state of medical education.
Flexner made a study of 155 American and
Canadian medical schools, beginning at
Tulane in the winter of 1908. He published
his report in 1910, describing shocking and
deplorable conditions in many places of
medical education. This opened the eyes of
the public and the medical community such
that Flexner's report was, in effect, an obi-
16 T-Wave
tuary for a great many medical colleges.
Within a few years, almost half of the them
had disappeared, for the most part because
of the adverse publicity.
Although Flexner found medical education
at Tulane far from ideal, he ranked the
school among the top three medical schools
in the South. Tulane's high ranking was
based on new and excellent laboratory
facilities, the teaching faculty, the clinical
availability of Charity Hospital, and the
post-graduate instruction provided by the
New Orleans Polyclinic.
In 1913, Tulane reorganized the Medical
Department to include the School of
Pharmacy, the School of Dentistry, the
School of Medicine, and the Graduate
School of Medicine. Today, only the latter
two remain, the latter within the Graduate
School. In 1958, the Division of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine was established,
which has since evolved into the School of
Public Health and Tropical Medicine.
The Josephine Hutchinson Memorial
Building continued to house the clinical
facilities of the School for nearly forty
years. However, by the late 1920s, it had
become crowded and obsolete. Funds were
provided for a new medical unit, called the
Hutchinson Memorial Building, to be built
contiguous with Charity Hospital at what is
now the present location of the School of
Medicine. When it opened in December
1 930, the building was acclaimed as the
"best medical training unit in the South."
The preclinical departments, unfortunately,
were still located on the Uptown Campus.
In order to to provide the most enriching
medical environment possible, it was re-
JLi^^^M»^m!SnM
cognized that all four years of education
needed to be consolidated on one campus.
It was not, however, until October 1955
that a ten-story addition to the Hutchinson
Memorial Building enabled the Second-
Year departments to be moved downtown.
In 1963, further additions to the downtown
facility were built to house the First-Year
departments, allowing the School to reunify
its four classes in one building for the first
time since the early 1900s.
The Tulane Medical Center was organized
in 1969 to broaden Tulane's commitment to
medical education, research, and patient
care. The Tulane Medical Center Hospital
and Clinic, the first such university hospital
in Louisiana, was dedicated in October of
1976. This 300-bed hospital has enabled
Tulane to consolidate a wide range of ser-vices
in a tertiary-care environment. In the
short period since its opening, it has be-come
a major referral center for the region.
4 Tulane Medical Center
Hospital and Clinic.
Hutctiinson Memorial Building circa 1930.
Since its founding 154 years ago as the
Medical College of Louisiana, the Tulane
University School of Medicine has under-gone
many changes, and not simply in
name. Several buildings have come and
gone, and while many different students
and faculty members have occupied these
buildings, so have federal troops during the
Civil War. Though Tulane originally ca-tered
to those mainly from the South, it
now attracts students from all parts of the
United States. From its meager beginnings
in 1834 with 11 students, the Tulane Uni-versity
School of Medicine has gone on to
confer over 12,000 medical degrees, 160 of
which are to be conferred on the Class of
1988. Throughout the years Tulane has
always strived to improve its medical edu-cation,
and is now ranked among the top
medical schools in the country, and perhaps
the world. ..something of which we can all
be proud.
M Former Entrance to
Hutctiinson Clinic
History of the Scfiool ofMedicine l-^CWe^
Charity Hospital of
New Orleans:
A Rich History/ a Poor State of Affairs
by John E. Salvaggio, MD
Henderson Professor of Medicine
Charity Hospital embraces an intriguing
and colorful past, and has served a real pur-pose.
It is steeped in Louisiana history, and
has survived difficult times and some of the
worst political squabbles and patronage
problems in the country, enduring for over
250 years primarily because it was needed.
Its charter dates to January 1736, when
Jean Louis, a French sailor formerly
employed by the Company of the Indies
who worked in New Orleans as a boat
builder, bequeathed his estate of approxi-mately
10,000 livres (about $2,500 today) to
the founding and furnishing of Charity
Hospital in early French colonial Louisiana.
This makes it the oldest continually operat-ing
hospital in what is now United States
territory. (Bellevue Hospital in New York
City is also the same age, but was estab-lished
two months after Charity.)
Perhaps it was the abandonment of the
poor, who could not be cared for at the
French military or "Royal" Hospital, that
induced Jean Louis to be so generous. Ini-tially
called the Hospital of St. John or Le
Hopital des Pauvres de la Charite (Hospital
for the Poor), its charter came into effect
upon Louis' death.
In his wisdom, Louis appointed the Reve-rend
Father Philippe, Parish Cure and pas-tor
of St. Louis Cathedral, to work with
Councilman Raguet in disbursing his legacy
and running the Hospital. Sunday collec-tions
were taken in the cathedral to support
Don Andres Almonester y Roxas, Early
Charity Hospital Benefactor.
it. In addition, several local individuals
made donations of property in their wills.
On March 10, 1736, a house at Chartres
and Bienville Streets became the first quar-ters
for the Hospital. Patients must have
been admitted immediately, because only a
month after its opening the house proved to
be too small and by 1743 it became neces-sary
to replace it.
A governmental land grant at the ship-turn
at the end of a canal and fronting on the
cemetery was provided to build the new
Hospital. This location was advantageous
since supplies could be unloaded from the
ships as well as patients transferred to or
received at the Hospital. Its proximity to a
cemetery was also of obvious advantage.
After Louisiana was ceded to Spain in
1763, the French were allowed to admin-ister
Charity for six more years. With the
arrival of Governor O'Reilly in late 1769,
however, Charity came under control of
church authorities and the Spanish govern-ment,
as was the custom of such hospitals
in Madrid and other Spanish cities.
In 1779, a great hurricane wreaked havoc
upon New Orleans, reducing Charity Hos-pital
to ruins. Only the kitchen and store-house
escaped its fury. This destruction
resulted in much consternation and suffer-ing,
leaving homeless patients to "perish
upon the streets or in some obscure cor-ner."
Nonetheless, the Hospital survived.
During this terrible time, Don Andres
Almonester y Roxas, a former war clerk,
civil notary, and noble gentleman born in
Andalusa, Spain, came to Louisiana and
rescued the Hospital. He was a leading citi-zen
of the colony and made a modest for-tune
as an owner of retail stores adjacent to
Jackson Barracks. He was described by
some as a "selfless benefactor" and by oth-ers
as an "opportunistic land speculator."
Almonester offered the huge amount of
$114,000 to rebuild the hurricane-ravaged
Hospital. It was completed in October
1785, and named the Charity Hospital of
St. Charles (the San Carlos Hospital) in
^Charity Hospital circa 1835.
ularly Germany and Ireland, were treated
at Charity, and by 1858 foreigners outnum-bered
US natives by a ratio of six to one.
To provide additional financial aid to Char-ity,
taxes were placed on all concerts and
Carnival Balls. In addition, all theatres in
New Orleans were required to give four
benefit performances annually. Although an
official gambling act would not go into
effect until 1923, a tax on gaming halls was
instituted for the benefit of the hospital as
early as 1815. Further amended in 1832,
this law increased the number of gaming
halls and raised the tax to S7,500, three-quarters
of which was designated for Char-ity
Hospital. However, it was the 1842
Passenger Tax paid by all persons arriving
in New Orleans from foreign ports that
ensured the hospital's financial stability
during this period.
Five years after the great fire, the square
roughly corresponding to the location of the
current Fairmont Hotel on Canal Street,
was sold by the city to the Administrators
of Charity to build a new hospital. Work
was begun in 1815, and when completed in
the same year, the new facilities were
described as "vast and commodious,
capable of caring for 120 patients."
honor of King Charles III of Spain.
Almonester died in 1798, probably feeling
that most of Charity's administrative prob-lems
had been solved. Yet the problems
only worsened later!
In the early 1800s, the mayor of New
Orleans pleaded before the Louisiana legis-lature
to "Look at the Charity Hospital and
examine the state of abandonment and dep-rivation
to which this institution is reduced.
The poor man preyed upon by maladies
seeks asylum and finds only a grave."
Another catastrophic event occurrred Fri-day,
September 23, 1809, when a kitchen
fire quickly spread to the wooden shingled
roof and burned the entire hospital to the
ground. The indigent sick suffered intense
hardship after this fire, and many were
housed on the upper gallery of the Cabildo,
which served as City Hall.
Louisiana became a state on April 30, 1812,
and assumed full responsibility for Charity
Hospital on March 17, 1813. Immigrants
from dozens of European countries, partic-
An open word of the early 1800's.
M^^^^Mhi sz r**'"'S^^jL«W»
History of Charity Hospital T-WavS=JSC
Charity Hospital circa 1900.
Note the addition of satellite
buildings around the main structure
pictured on the previous page.
A great flood inundated the city the next
year and led to the creation of a medical
licensing board (The Committee-Medical)
to deal with the subsequent terrible sanitary
conditions and medical problems. Indeed,
the narrative of a young Boston minister
who had visited New Orleans in that year
described the hospital as "a deep disgrace
to any civilized or Christian country."
A group of citizens visiting Charity in 1818
were horrified by the condition of patients,
and complained to the governor and Hos-pital
administrators. They noted the
Hospital's filthy condition, and the total
inadequacy of attendants. They also stated
that patients had to sleep on mattresses
upon which were "visible marks of the
putrid discharges of those who had died on
them of the most pestilential diseases."
Chickens roosted in the hospital rooms, and
"their offal covered the furniture in every
direction." They further reported that brick
dust was used to absorb the filth on the
hospital floors, and that it arose in clouds
and choked patients on the few occasions
when the floors were swept! It is important
to note here that many epidemics struck the
city and killed thousands from early French
colonial days through the 20th Century.
The deterioration of the San Carlos
Hospital combined with a marked increase
in the local population made it apparent
that new facilities were again needed.
Completed in 1833 at a cost of $149,570,
the fourth version of Charity undoubtedly
marked a milestone in its history. Records
show the lower story was occupied in part
by "the Medical College," indicating that
when formed in 1834, the new Medical
College of Louisiana (now Tulane Univer-sity
School of Medicine) was located within
the hospital.
During busy times in the early 1900's, two ^
(or even three) patients were
forced to share a bed.
With the arrival of the Daughters of
Charity, in combination with the above-mentioned
items, the overall medical
atmosphere in New Orleans was excellent,
and the entire medical complex was, at that
time, very likely one of the best of its kind
in the world.
After the Civil War commenced in April
1861, its chaos made little difference to
Charity Hospital. Following a series of re-signations
in February 1862, Ernest Lewis,
a young student intern, was appointed
of 21. Lewis refused to treat General
Benjamin Butler's soldiers when Butler
captured New Orleans with his flotilla and
15,000 man garrison. The General was
extremely lenient with young Lewis even
though Butler later learned that Charity
was housing Confederate soldiers trans-ferred
from the old marine hospital when
its supplies were cut off following the city's
surrender. Lewis finally agreed to accept
the federal soldiers, and actually convinced
Butler that additional physicians were
needed to care for them.
During the post-war period, lottery tickets
were again sold to support the Hospital
through the Louisiana State Lottery Com-pany
formed in 1868. The government
finally outlawed this company around 1900,
but until then, it provided — at least on
paper — major support for Charity. The
old Ship Passenger Tax that had helped
greatly in the late 1840s and 50s, was di-verted
to the Bureau of Agriculture and
Immigration. Thus the Hospital's debts
rose markedly.
At this time, large numbers of blacks were
admitted to the hospital. Prior to the War,
most blacks had been treated by private
physicians on the plantations where they
had worked as slaves. When they became
emancipated, more and more of them re-quired
the services of Charity. The Charity
Board enacted a policy forbidding discrimi-nation
founded on race, color, or previous
;;T~Wave History of Charity Hospitai \ ^ W0(^^^lmL
condition. However, this was interpreted to
mean only that care would be provided on
an equal basis, and did not prevent the de-velopment
of separate wards for whites and
blacks later in Charity's history.
Another important advance occurred at
Charity in 1885 when the first ambulance
service was inaugurated. Until that time,
the sick travelled to Charity in horse-drawn
wagons or similar bumpy transportation
that hardly benefited the patient. The tradi-tion
of Charity interns riding in ambulances
lasted for almost 100 years, and was only
discontinued in the 1960s.
Many new additions were made to the
Charity complex around the turn of the
century, and the hospital probably con-tained
almost 2,000 patient beds. Other
hospitals in the city had perhaps only 150
beds combined, including even the larger
ones such as Touro Infirmary and Hotel
Dieu with 50 to 60 beds each.
The population of New Orleans increased
almost 30-fold between 1832 and 1926,
while Charity's bed capacity had less than
doubled. It was during this period that the
Hospital was forced to place two patients to
a bed, and sometimes even a third patient
on a lower mattress near the floor.
The conclusion of World War I in 1918
signaled the arrival of another war — that
between School of Medicine and Charity
Administrators, as increasing hostilities
came to the fore. But the worst was to come
as Huey P. Long's and subsequent admini-strations
came to power. After Long was
elected in 1928, he immediately introduced
a bill in the legislature allowing the gov-ernor
to reorganize and apppoint a new
Charity Hospital Board of Administrators.
He removed Charity's Superintendent, and
replaced him with Dr. Arthur Vidrine, a 29
year-old Rhodes Scholar who was engaged
in rural general practice.
Medical education had became more
complex, leading to the establishment of
Dueling Doctors
The mid- 1800s was the age of dueling,
and many encounters between physi-cians
and even professors at the Medical
College took place, each of which repre-sents
a story in itself. As an example,
one acrimonious duel involving Charity
Hospital physicians was fought in 1856
between bitter professional rivals, Drs.
John Foster and Samuel Choppin, es-sentially
stemming from the proper
treatment of a medical student who had
been shot by a law student in a Carnival
ball fracas. Luckily, both Choppin and
Foster missed each other when firing
their shotguns, and the entire matter
was settled without further ado.
Three years later, however, Choppin
and Foster were at it again. For this duel
Foster armed himself with a self-cocking
five-valve revolver and Choppin with a
single-valve Derringer in each of his
pants pockets, as well as a Bowie knife in
a coattail pocket. Before Choppin could
cock his pistol, Foster shot him through
the neck, injuring the jugular vein. Dri-ven
back several feet, Choppin's right
pistol discharged, wounding his own left
hand. Foster shot again, penetrating
Choppin's upper thigh. Choppin then
drew his other Derringer and fired at
Foster who had turned to fire at him.
Fortunately both missed. With his guns
empty, Choppin drew his Bowie knife,
and with blood streaming from his neck,
charged at Foster. Foster was reluctant
to kill his wounded opponent, and
simply waved his revolver, imploring
Choppin to stop. Luckily for Choppin,
medical students at the scene rushed to
his defense and separated the two men.
Choppin's lacerated jugular vein was
promptly repaired and his other injuries
treated. Foster was arrested, jailed over-night,
and released the next day as
Choppin, who made a fuU and speedy
recovery, refused to press any charges
against his opponent.
First ambulance service
in New Orleans.
—^^pm^W^^miW^spttal T-W^V^ 2 \ 1
Charity Hospital Complex circa 1940.^
The old Information wing has y
been converted to the "Cloaca Caf6 "
-J^ji T
-<r-
" -I-- —
many new clinical departments at Tulane.
A special Tulane service was also initiated
at Charity. Long made no attempt to block
this move, yet in 1930 he abruptly dis-missed
Dr. Alton Ochsner, then Chairman
of Surgery at Tulane, from Charity, alle-gedly
because of Ochsner's complaints
about political constraints placed on his
attempts to build a first-rate Surgery De-partment
at Tulane. The Long-Ochsner-
Vidrine affair, together with Tulane's fail-ure
to award Long a law degree that he
desired, quite possibly played a role in the
establishment of the Louisiana State Uni-versity
Medical School at that time. In
addition, Long enriched his campaign
funds by a systematic five-percent de-duction
from the salaries of all Charity
employees, the so-called "deduct box."
It had been clear for many years that the
Charity Hospital building, then 100 years-old,
again needed to be replaced. Following
Long's assasination on September 9, 1935,
Sister Stanislaus (1865-1949), a former ^
Mother Superior for the Daughters of Charity
who ser\/ed the sick faithfully.
federal funds became available to build the
current Charity Hospital, completed on
June 27, 1939.
During the World War II years at Charity,
a reorganization act was passed in the state
legislature to create the Department of
Institutions. This administrative branch
was to manage all state hospitals, causing a
great deal of political bickering. Governor
Sam Jones threatened to close the Hospital
in 1942, and parts of it were actually closed
for a while. By 1943, 400 Charity physi-cians
entered the armed services, and in
1944 there were only 131 interns and
residents to staff the entire hospital. Cha-rity's
Anesthesiology Department and
Blood Bank were also organized during
these years by Dr. John Adriani.
'-22~--TW^W^ ..^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^
At war's end in 1945, problems involving
interrelationships developed not only for
Charity, but also for the medical schools.
The Ochsner Clinic had emerged as a large
medical institution employing many of
Tulane's faculty and developing its own
residency training programs. The Veterans
Administration Hospital also developed a
residency program that further competed
with Charity. With the rise of LSU Medi-cal
School, the old controversies between
Tulane and Charity were now simply
extended to it as well.
In the late 1950s many sweeping changes
were considered for Charity and its asso-ciated
schools. In the 1960s the ugly matter
of segregation was faced and the "colored
and white" wards that were on separate
sides of the hospital were eliminated.
By the late 1960s financial problems for the
Hospital and both schools were paramount,
particularly as Tulane was increasing its
residency affiliation with hospitals other
than Charity, likely for political and finan-cial
reasons. The crucial nature of the
• situation prompted the governor to visit
Charity, and the hospital's director de-scribed
it as having slipped from a position
of national leadership as a teaching center
and medical institution for the poor, to a
position of inferiority. He warned that the
tight money situation a Charity had begun
to have an adverse impact on the "life
blood" of the institution, namely its intern
and residency programs. The director
stated that if the numbers of residents
continued to decrease, the hospital would
soon be in serious trouble. Attempts were
therefore made to improve the situation.
The Health Education Authority of
Louisiana was established to revive the
entire Tulane-LSU-Charity Hospital
complex; some progress was made, but
Charity remained essentially unaffected.
The Department of Health & Human
Resources, was also developed during the
1970s and control of Charity Hospital was
moved to this large umbrella agency in
Baton Rouge.
. In 1974 LSU and Tulane signed an affi-liation
agreement with Charity providing
that at three-year intervals the schools
M Dr. Alton Ochsner leads a
"Bullpen" session in the 1950s.
would alternate naming a medical direaor
with an associate director being appointed
by the other school. Under the new plan, a
lay administrator was named as well.
Other important contracts were signed with
Charity at this time whereby the deans of
the schools were reimbursed to pay faculty
members for performing hospital funaions.
Woefully inadequate financing continued at
Charity, however, and the hospital has lost
its accreditation on several occasions since
1975. This was threatening, not only for
Charity, but for both schools and the entire
medical education process.
At present the Hospital's grossly inade-quate
financing appears to be worse than
ever despite a consistently high inpatient
census and an outpatient clinic load that
borders on intolerable. During the last year
alone there have been several severe cuts in
the hospital's budget. The situation at
Charity has led to alleged poor working
conditions for physician and student alike,
and to reprimands by national residency
review and accreditation comminees.
And while many plans for problem solving
are currently being developed, but the
question remains, "Is this grand old insti-tution
a nineteenth century anachronism or
can it be properly financed, funded, and
equipped to provide the excellent care for
patients and teaching opportunities for
medical students that it has in the past?"
Although the future cannot be predicted
with any accuracy, one can only hope that
future administrations will act favorably on
initiatives to improve the relatively poor
state of affairs that currently exists.
^ Times-Picayune editorial cartoon that
acknowledged Charit/s current
tunding crisis.
mtory of Choflfy Nospifal T-Wove 23"
Administration
Eamon M. Kelly, PhD
President
Tulane University of Louisiana
John J. Walsh. MD
Chancelior
Tulane Medicai Center
James T. Hamlin, III, MO
Dean
Schooi of iVIedicine
Clyde G. Hugglns, PhD
Associate Dean
for Curricular Affairs
Morris D. Kerstein, MD
Associate Dean
of Graduate Medical Education
Martin S. Litwin, MD
Associate Dean
Director, Faculty Practice Plan
James S. Storer, MD
Associate Dean
of Clinical Affairs
Mary S.Baker
Administrative Assistant
to I3ean Hamlin
Nita Breclcenridge Julia C. Heine
Administrative Administrative
Assistant Assistant
Jean White
AdminlstratN/e Assistant
for Financial Aid
3Zl=r:T-WaVG Admtnisfrafion
.J*"^"^' '^%.
fT^ ,j^^- ^v
W. Clifford Newman, PhD
Associate Dean and
Director of Admissions
Goyte A. Soyas
Administrative Assistant
to Dean Newman
Elizabeth M. Garon
Admissions
Coordinator
Joseph C. Pisono, PhD
Assistant Director of Admissions
Ctioirman, Financial Aid Committee
Roselyn M. Marshall
Secretary
Wallace K. Tomlinson, MD
Associate Dean
of Student Affairs
Jr''4
Carol A. Goudet
Administrative Assistant
to Dean Tomlinson
Mellnda Smiley
Records
Coordinator
Dionne M. Weber
Secretary
Anno C. Epps, PhD
Associate Dean
Director, Student Services and MEdl^EP
Office of Student Sen^ices and MEdREP
From left to right. Front Row: Deidre Allen, Clothilde Johnson, and Laura Rivera. Back Row: Louise
Rachal, Justine Parker, Jeanne Burke, Lois Cherrie, Pam Luman, Yolanda Chaisson, and Ruth Post,
Faculty/Anatomy
RotWft 0. Yortn, niD lytaiy B. Andanon, PliD Ul Chan, PhD JamM R. Jeter, PhD Gerald S. Hrby, PhD Joseph A. Motcorro, BS Michael Miller, PhD
Chaiman/Cytochemistiv Endocrinology Immunocytochemistry Cell Biology Biomechanics Neurocytology Neuroscience
^^W ^ •*"W,
Pamela J. Moore, PhD Edward M. Peebles, PhD Richard W. RIeck, PhD M. Robert Vaupet, PhD Leon B. Walker, PhD Joseph T. Weber, PhD
Reproductive Anatomy Embryology/Teratology Neuroanatomy Embryology/Teratology Kinesiology Neuroanatomy
Dr. Kirby with a wide tie. Dr. Walker with a bow tie. Dr. Moore didn't tie one on.
Wave Faculty '^
Dr. Hamori prepares his friend for the
"command performance."
Community
Medicine
Biochemistry
Rune L $t|ernholm, PhD William H. Barlcos, PtiD Melanle Ehrllch, PhD Eugene Hamoil, PhD
Chaicman/Chemotherapeutics Enzymology Molecular Biology Physical Biochemistry
Yu-TehLI, PhD Manle K. Stanlleld, PhD Richard H. Steele, PhD JeivSle H. Tou, PhD
Chemical Pathology Bioorgonic Chemistry Cellular Energetics Phospholipid Metabolism
Epidemiology/
Biostatistics
IrwInP.Cotten.MD.MPHlIM Joseph T. Hamrick, MD, MPH George B. MltcMI, MD, MPH
. Infectious Disease/Pediatrics Health Core Administration Health Care Systems
Robert e. FfonMIn, MD. MPH Elizabeth Holt, DrPH
Epidemiology Epidemiology
Human Genetics
Emmanuel Slnplra, MD. PhD Miriam G. Blltzet, PhD
Hoyward Center Director Biochemistry
Maria Varela. MD
Cytogenetics
Editors' Note: Some members of the faculty were not
available to be photographed, and regretably do not
appear here. In several instances, those pictured are
representative of the departments when the Class of
1988 was enrolled in their courses.
.JU-. _facij^y 1-Wave 27
Medicine
C. Thcxpe Ray. MD John E. Salvagglo. MD Kevin P. Newman, MD Mary R. Genralt Deborah Abemamy, MO Nourang M. Agiowal, MD W. Abe Andes, MO
Acting Chairman/Coidiologv Post Ctioirman/lmmunotogy Student Directoi/Cardiology Program Coordinator Hematology/Oncology Gastroenterology Hemotoiogy/Oncology
Daniel E. Banks, MD H. William Bartanon, >, MD German Moro-BeHtan, MD Suzanne Befgman, MD Dennis W.Bouiware.MD Robert L Buich, MD William T. Ce(alu, MD
Pulmonary Reset -ch Clinical Pulmonology Hematology/Oncology Neptirology Rtieumatology Clinical Nutrition Endocrinology
*
II^^
Emmett B. Chapltal, MD Femondo P. Chltlno, MD Eileen M. Cook, MD Robert L Dlllenkotter, MD Dean B. EUHhorpe, MD Alllla Eitan, MD Thomas D. Giles, MD
Internal Medicine Professor Emeritus Neptirology VA-Cordiology Clinical Pulmonology Gastroenterology VA-Ctiief/CV LalDoratory
Tejas Godlwala, MD Oien B. Gum, MD
Gastroenterology Rheumatology
Charles G.Haddad,MD Robert A. Hammer, MD Newlon E. Hyslop, MD Robert N. Jones, MD Guler Karcloglu, MD
Internal Medicine Gastroenterology Infectious Disease Pulmonary Researcti Internal Medicine
/
'y.
Abba J. Kostln, MD Peter F. Kohler. MD N. Kevin Kiane, MD William J. LoCorte, MD Juan J. L Lertoro, MD, PhD Manuel Lopez, MD John H. Phillips Jr., MD
VA Neuroendocrine Inborotoiv Clinical Immunology Neptirology Primary Care Clinical Pfiarmacology Immunology Laboratory Cardiology
Antonio C. Qulroz, MD Carlos M. RomlFez, MD Kathleen L Rives, MD Aimondo E. Ruiz, MD Bclan C. Rydwin, MD
Cardiology Pulmonology Endocrinology VA-Endocrinology Cardiology
Gary E. Sander, MD, PtiD Sudhir V. Stiah, MD
Cardiology Nephrology
Walter J. Stuckey, MD Karen A. Sullivan, PhD Judith J. Temple, MD Karl Tornyos, MD John D. WolMn, MD Hans Weill, MD Jonathan Wise, MD
Hematology/Oncology HLA-Laboratory Hematology/Oncology VA-Hemotoiogy/Oncology Nephrology Pulmonary Research Endocrinology
Microbiology and
Immunology
A. Aithur Gottlieb, MD John D. Clements, PhD Judith K. Donrnr, PhD Gerald J. Domlngue, PhD Robert F. Garry, Jr, PhD
Chairman/Immunology Enteric Pathogens Mycology Renal Bacteriology Virology
Dr. Johnson recounts the saga of Lee a. Henderson, PhD EmmeH J. Johnson, PhD Mary K. Johnson, PhD Laura S. Levy, PhD
"MicrObiUS the Marvelous Microbe." "^^""O'OQV Microbiol Genetics Boctenal Toxins Virology
Patricia A. Moyeux. MS
Laboratory Instructor
Faculfy T-Wove" '""29"
Obstetrics/Gynecology
Martin L Pemoll, MD Manoj K. Biswas, MD SImIe Degelu, MD Rotwrto Gollln, MD
Chaifmon/Hgh-RiskPlegnancy Maternal-Fetal Studies Gynecological Oncology Obstetrics/Gynecology
Eduardo Herrera, MD Pannela J. Moore, PhD April G. O'OuInn, MD Lewis I. Post, MD
Gynecology Course Director Gynecological Oncology Gynecology
yg Paul R Summers, MD Dr. Summers and Resident Mauricio Bitran
infectious Disease review a Slide.
Dr. Biswas supervises Resident Lori Fulton in o C-Section. lan Thorneycton, PhD, md John c. weed, md Coroi wheeiei, md
Endocrinology Gynecology Endocnnology
Parasitology
Jock H. Essllnget, PhD Emile A. Malek. PhD Robert G. Yaeger, PhD
Falarial Systems Molocology Protozoology
5Afave__ focu/fy 3Z
Pathology
Michael A. Getbei, MD Sieve M. Covington, MD Philip J. Daioca, Jr, MD H. Nina DHutandhar, MUS, DCP Kenneth B. Farrit, MD Lynn Bernal-Gieen, MD James C. Hartdn, MD
Chairman/Hepatic Pattiology Clinical/Surgical Pathology Surgical/Pulmonaiy Pottiology Sufglcal/Cytopathology Clinical Pathology Mlcroblology/Hemotology ^4eu^opatt1ology
Ffledrlchs H. Harris. MD George L Leonard, MD William H. luer, MD Pamela C. Martin, MD Horry T. PIgman, MD Donald R. Pulllier, MD
Surgical Pathology Blood Bank Surgical Pathology Surgical Pathology Clinical Pottioiogy/Autopsy Surgicai/Deirnotopathology
\
Richard J. Reed, MD Norberto A. Schor, MD Patrick D. Walker, MD
Sutgical/Deimatopottioiogy Surg, Pattidogy/Carcinogenesis Surgical/Renal Pathology
Drs. Reed, Pulitzer, and Daroca are happy with their selection of "Retinal Sarcoidosis" for the Slide Practical.
—-"".Jv,—
^
KilffS^^^Nl^Bi^v^^W^^^^'^^
FocuJV—:g4A;av^ 31
Pediatrics
Richard D. deShozo. MD w. Michael DeVo©, MD Johnette M. Freniz, MD Dr. Pickoff and Q TMC Nurse entertain G (very) new patient.
Allergy/Immunology Neonatology Endocrinology
iff% JB||
i^' " J 1^^^
*, ^^ ^ ~s^ ^
^ 1 /, /
William L Gill, MD
Neonatology
Jeiome S. Holler, MD Robert L Hopkins, MD Dahlia Klrkpotrlck, MD Kometlne M. Knight, MD Arthui S. PIckolf. MD Jane E. Reynolds, MD
Child Neurologv Pulmonology Hemotology/Oncology Ambulatory Pediatrics Pediatric Cardiology Neonatology
¥^
Margaret H. D. Smith, MD Thomas G. Storch. MD Jean N. Takenoko, MD, MPH Russell B. Von Dyke, MD Nell Pope W. Waring, MD William W. Waring, MD James A. Wright, MD
Infectious Disease Neonatology Neonatology/Public Health Infectious Disease Allergy/Immunology Pulmonology Pediatric Gastroenterology
Pharmacology
James W.FiJhef, PhD Krlthno C. Agienwl, PhD Bofbaio Beckman, PhD Craig W. Clarkson. PhD Hoyd R. Domer, PhD William J. G«oige, PhD Paul S. Guth, PhD
Chairman/HematoptHinKKOIogv Cancer Chemotherapy Hematophafmocoiooy Cardiac Pharmacology Anesttiesia Pharmocodynomlcs Toxicology Neuropharmacology
Philip J. Kodowltz, PhD Juan J. L LwtOfO, MD, PhD D«mliB.McNamara,Jr,PtiD Theodore Wang, MD
Cardiovascular Pharrrracologv Clinical Pharmacology Subcellular Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology
Physiology
Drs. Domer and Agrawal wonder if "Barq's" would
make a good unknown for the lob exercise.
F. Edward Dudek, PhD Nicholas R. DILuzIo, PhD Larry P. Felgen, PhD John Fox, PhD Richard M. Harrison, PhD Norman R. Krelsman, PhD Robert F. Lowe, PhD
Acting CtBlrrmn/Neuroptiysiology Post Chairmon/Hepotic Physiology Cardio-Renal Physiology Calcium Metabolism Reproductive Physiology Neurophysiology Cardiovascular Physiology
MoryV. Nekola, PhD Joseph C. PIsono, PhD BenJImen R Walker, PhD Marlon R. Walters, PhD
Endocrinology Cell Physiology Cardiopulmonoiy Physiology Endocrinology
Psychiatry/Neurology
Daniel K. WInstead, MD Marc A. Forman, MD Joseph B. Green, MD Teal F. Bennett, DrPH mchord F. Dalton, Jr, MD Jorge H. Daiuna, PhD Edvrard M. Duncan, PhD
Acting CtMimon/AdultPsychntiv Vk»Cliaiiman/Child Psychkitiy Past Cholmnan/Neurology Adult Psychology Ctilld Psyctiiatiy Ctilld Psychology Adult Psychology
Arthur W. Epitein, MD Edward F. Foulks, MD, PhD Donald M. Gallant, MD James R. Gay, PhD
Adult Psychlafry Adult Psychiatry Adu»ftycN<iliy/Substance Abuse Child Psychology
Phillip T. Griffin, PhD Jerome S. Holler, MD Robert G. Heath, MD
Adult Psychology Child Neurology Professor Emeritus
Carol A. Leal, MD
Child Psychiatry
David H. MIeIke, MD Betty Ann J. Muller, MD Sonia M. Nunez, MD Patrick O'Nell, MD
Adult Psychiatry Child Psychiatry Neurology Adult Psychiatiy
Jose M. Pena, MD
Adult Psychiatry
Pallyoth Sorala, MD
VA-Neurology
Barry D. Schwartz, PhD Morteza Shamsnia, MD Antonio Stozlo, MD
Adult Psychology Neurology VA-Neurology
Samuel A. Trufant. MD Michael Wall, MD
VA-Neurology Neurology
Leon A. weisberg, MD Using "Reverse Plant Psychology," Dr. Muller tries to convince her
Neurology
"patient" that the fluorescent lighting Is really sunshine.
Surgery
Watts R. Webb, MD I. William Browder, MD
Ctwiman/CatdioThoracic Surgav General Surgery
R. Dovllene Carter, MD Edward E. Etiieredge, MD
Oncological Surgery Transplantation
Lawrence S. Fox, MD William D. Hardir), MD
Cardio-Thorocic Surgery Pediatric Surgery
James W. C. Holmes, MD Morris D. Kerstein, MD
Colo-Rectal Surgery Vascular Surgery
Dr. Browder chews out his Resident for giving the
students "too much" time off to study.
Edward T. Kremenlz, MD Martin S. LItwIn, MD
Oncological Surgery General Surgery
Norman E. McSwaIn, Jr, MD Peter V. Moulder, MD
Emergency/Trauma Surgery Cardio-ThoracicA'ascular Surgery
Patricia C. Moynltion, MD James H. Muclimore, MD Ronald L Nichols, MD
Pediatric Surgery Oncological Surgery Infectious Disease
Samuel Perry, MD Daniel S. Rusti, MD
Rastic/Micro-Vascutar Surgery Vascular Surgery
Relaxing comfortably in the Lounge, Dr. Roy Haddod cori m. Suttieriand, md
awaits the next case. oncological surgery
William M. Swartz, MD
Rostic/Mlao-Vascutar Surgery
Faculty T-Wove 3S
T-Wove 37
J
Freshman Year
"Abandon hope, all ye who enter here.
"
— Dante, Inferno
1984-85 Officers
student Executive Committee Freshman Ciass
President
Vice President
Treasurer
Secretary
Creed Momikunian
Gregory Gex
Peter Simoneoux
Scott Morreil
President
Vice President
Secretary
Treasurer
James IVIoyer
Rakesh Mangal
Stieryi Young
Cynttiia Stewart
Honor Board Gary Simmonds and Jonathan Uri
Medical Milestones
First baby born from frozen embryo in Australia
"Agent Orange" makers create $180 miilion fund for Vietnam vets Inarmed by tierbicide
French court ruies widow has right to husband's sperm
Congress endorses stiffer cigarette warnings for packages and advertising
Baboon heart transplanted to "Baby Fae"
Henry Heimlich, MD, receives public service award for his life-saving maneuver
Gene therapy guidelines issued by NIH
First US septuplets born in Orange, California
Karen Ann Quinlin dies after 10 years in a coma
Other Noteworttiy Events
Geraldine Ferraro becomes first woman candidate for Vice President
Bhopal, India is site of chemical accident that kills thousands
USSR Boycotts Summer Olympics in Los Angeles
Ronald Reagan and George Bush elected to second terms by a landslide
Nation's first compulsory seat belt law enacted in New York
Trivial Pursuit becomes a national fad
New Orleans' World's Fair closes after losing millions
Tulane University of Louisiana celebrates its Sesquicentenial
Drought in Ethiopia leads to starvation and death of one million people
Remember the first day? Looking around at
all those people you didn't know. Finding
out you were already 1 15 pages behind in
reading something called "Bloom and
Fawcett." The discovery of the need for
organization. Little did we know that a
pattern was being established — there
would always be work to do and (despite
good intentions) not enough time to do it.
There was the half-anticipation/half-dread
involved in facing your cadaver for the first
time. Having five other people around, all
in exactly the same situation, made things a
little easier, but after only a half-hour went
by someone wondered, "OK — who forgot
it's human?" You laughed nervously with
everyone else, trying not to let on that you
might easily have been guilty of such a
travesty. Yet undaunted, you forged ahead
into uncharted territory.
Using the microscope became a daily chore
that eventually led to the infamous half-day
"practical" exams. Whether a slide
contained a single muscle cell or absolutely
nothing used to worry us. Now those
"rectal rockets" are (for most of us anyway)
just funny stories you found yourself
relaying to incoming freshmen throughout
the remaining years of medical school,
laughing them off as part of "the game."
Personalities played a major role during
first year, not just those of members of lab
groups, but those of the faculty as well. Dr.
Leon Walker was always quick with a
fishing story or a double entendre — his
UG triangle lecture became legendary. The
erudite Dr. Peebles mentioned structures
only to point out their "complete lack of
importance." Dr. Kirby, who liked to build
unusual (but usually informative) visual
aids with which to teach, was also a great
teacher of forbearence. "You can do
anything in a week!" We needed such
encouragement at times.
The somewhat inconceivable number of
hours spent "learning" during that period
may have given us reason to reflect on the
significance of the graffiti "Stand or Fall"
found on the cold bottom level of the
library. Yet the semester finally did end,
and most found the second one to be
somewhat less taxing.
With a little more free time, beaches
became a welcome haven, and a simple ride
through Audubon Park was no longer a
major hardship. We also had more than the
"few hours" Dr. Vaupel once suggested we
"take off during first semester to "see the
town." As we were able to become more
human again, it became evident that
medical school might not be all that Dante
may have envisioned had he attended.
V
Hni££!iaMamKXKi«ner
\
ii-»':'
Are You a T1 ?
Brain
(Like a dry sponge)
Glasses
(Thicker ienses required
since Histo)
Bags Under Eyes
(In Gross Lab oil night)
Nasal Mucosa
(Sloughed 2° to
formaldehyde)
Gunner" Pen
'(Writes in four colors and
comes with secret decoder
ring — not shown)
Multicolored Highlighters
(Colors chosen to compliment
Cranial Nerve Handouts)
Books
(Plans to read
all of these)
Smile
(Doesn't know what he's
gotten himself into)
Tie
(Optional)
T1 Morning
"Eyeopener"
Liver
(Normal)
Digital Watch
(Has hourly
beeper and
alarm)
Snack
(Still health
conscious)
Class Notes
(Took his own)
Toy
(Femur or "that big
thigh bone")
JW'dl
II
,^
Typical T1 Timeline
7:24a Tires screeching outside
wal<es T1 suddeniy. Giances
at clocl<, notes time ("Oh, hecl<!"),
and jumps out of bed.
(Originoliy intended to review
embyroiogy of the heart at
6 am, but siept through oiarm,)
12:32p (Lunch break) Trys to catch
up on some slides from
yesterday's Histo lab: "Whafs
that red blob near the purple
streok-iike thing,,, no not
that,,, closer to the stuff that
looks like blue Spaghettios,,."
7:26a Tries to brush teeth and study
Moore at the same time.
Finds it somehow makes
more sense this way,
(Maybe it's the fluoride,)
12:56p "No, I haven't hod time to
read a paper in weeks. But I
doubt NutraSweet"' is that
dangerous ..considering the
amount of diet soda I've seen
people in the class drink, if it
were really bad. half of us
would be in the hospital..."
7:32a Gets dressed in record time,
downs a bowl of Cheerios,
and heads for school, texts
and atlases in hand.
3:1 Op Wakes long enough to hear "I
take issue with Moore on that
point, for you see 'splanchnic'
is Greek for 'viscera,' which of
course is Latin for 'gut,' and one
cannot possibly,.." but falls
under the Sandman's spell
once again, and thus asleep.
7:55a Arrives in the lecture hall
adorned in the familiar K&B
Purple in time to get his
favorite seat in the front row
where the formica has worn
off. Goes over handout for
lecture.
6:11p T1 arrives home, somehow
with more books than he left
with that morning. (Probably
picked up two or three of his
lab partner's without noticing).
Wasting no time, walks straight
to his desk and begins to read.
8:22a "...Well I'll be ?*i5)#!& said
Wharton's Duct, the bugger
double-crossed us." Thinks to
himself, "Where would we be
without mnemonics?"
7;32p 11 takes time out to eat
dinner. Has learned to eat
and study at the same time
(although he is more careful
since he ate a spoonful of soil
from a nearby potted plant
some time last month).
10:47a "...then with the scissors
spreading technique
carefully dissect along the
medial aspect of the most
superior portion of the inferior
belly of the omohyoid muscle
and reveal the subtle, often
aberrant structure of the..."
7.77a Having lost track of the days
and the fact tommorrow is
Saturday, the T1 reviews
"tommorrow's" dissection "one
(yawn) last.„zzzz,"
Around
the Bod in
80 Days
Yes, there were "only" 5000 or so named
parts of the body, and yes, in the 17 weeks
available we managed to learn just about all of
them — or at least 70% of the ones that
appeared on the practical exams. But not to
worry... with specialization the way it is in
medicine today, we might actually encounter
only 10% or so in our practices. So in a sense,
we're 60% ahead! (Right?)
Unfortunately, getting to the stage where we
could pass those exams was, to put it mildly,
no easy task. The combination of late nights,
bleary eyes, greasy door handles, frequent
emptying of "the bucket," and slimy instru-ments
hardly put one in the mood to actually
learn anything.
But learn we did. Every nook and cranny, not
to mention every space, foramen, canal, trian-gle,
cavity, fossa, chamber, os, pouch, ring,
window, and meatus of the human form was
explored at one time or another, and a feeling
of relief came when it was all finally over.
Still, some have occasional nightmares involv-ing
yellow string or the like, but they soon
awaken and revel in the knowledge that they
emerged victorious. A feat even Phileas Fogg
might have been proud of.
Above: Lab A. Below: Amy Friedman and Paul Levy
somehovi/ look like they're enjoying all of this.
Gary Simmonds works intently
on a fine dissection.
Brian Kavonagh and Bruce Rogen
watch Dr. Kirby demonstrate how not
to preserve a small structure.
Left: Ken Gordon,^
Kathy Macaulay and
Raquel Steele get to the
root(s) of the Brachial
Plexus. Right: Mimi Toft
works late in the lab.
A Barton George gloves up.
Pete Waller does some fine dissection. T
Cullen Hardy and his wife Martha.
A Night to Remember,
A Time to Forget
The Cadaver Ball provided us the oppor-tunity
to shed, at least for a night, the
burdens of medical school, and celebrate
the end of one of the most exhausting and
aggravating series of courses many of us
had ever faced. It was a special and
memorable night — a time to trade our lab
coats for tuxedos or evening gowns, and
purge the smell of formaldehyde from our
persons.
Some started the evening with dinner at
one of New Orleans' first class restaurants;
others with an informal gathering at a
friend's apartment. We all later converged
on the Royal Sonesta Hotel on Bourbon
Street, ready to prove to the classes that
had gone before us that we were not the
"hermits" we had appeared to be
throughout the previous five months.
Spirits were high (and to a large degree
flowing) as we mingled and actually met
many of the members of our class we had
not yet encountered.
The creative talents of the various Anatomy
Labs were put on display as we made light
of a time that many of us would rather
forget. The presentations provided a much
needed outlet for pent up frustrations, and
were, for the most part, a source of
entertainment for all.
After the skits were over, champagne corks
were popped, toasts were made, the band
started up, and the class settled down to the
real business of the evening — dancing the
night away. The evening was a welcome
break from the day-to-day grind of the
First Year.
Jon Uri and Will Kopfler.
Lynn Andrews, Etienne Mejia,
and Kathy Macaulay.
~4g: "Tt^fti/'Giy©'' 'Ff^!^fnanTear
"
•^ The class hits the dance floor.
Puttin' on
the Skits
The long weeks of preparation finally paid
off as each lab group presented its segment
of the night's entertainment designed to
satirize the insanity of the first semester. It
was finally Showtime!
Creative songs, skits, and even videos made
light of our trials and tribulations in the
guise of parodies of The Wizard of Oz,
Revenge of the Nerds, Monty Python and the
Holy Grail, a faculty meeting, an anatomy
practical, the movie Gremlins ("Stemlins"),
and even the TV series Star Trek. Few
holds were barred as professors became the
targets of the puns, quips, and impersona-tions
that capitalized on their personality
traits, idiosyncracies, and physical
characteristics. But it was all in jest.. .for
the most part anyway.
Once we had had our "say," Dr. Walker
handed out his annual "ball and chain"
award to the top student in Gross Ana-tomy...
and then gave the key to his wife
(who had probably not seen very much of
her husband for a while.)
It was refreshing to be able to look back
and laugh at what we had endured — our
teachers and ourselves.
Left: Anthony Masone tries
a new mettiod of dissection.
Center: Metiran Majidian
and Stiactiar Tauber as the
"Nerds." Right: Lynn Andrevs/s
and Laura Johnson provide
music for the occasion.
Anne Brov\/n, Evan Ratner,
and Monica O'Brien sing
"If I only had a Date..."
Joseph Chi and Ken Gordon poke
fun at Drs. Chen and Rieck.
Kim Schnurpfell portrays Dr. Anderson's alter-ego.
(Would you moonv\/alk v/ith this v^/oman?)
fe'- 48 T-Wave Freshman Year ..""-nJ—I-*-^ 3=
M John Uri does some leg work,
^ Randy Fisher and Debbie Doyle try
some Monty Python humor.
Leff: Monica and the Munchkins,
Right: Top Anatomy Student Jim
Volgtiander displays the secret of his
Cuttin' Up
Even a small whiff of formaldehyde
somehow brings on a rush of memories.
(Who can forget the "elevator-clearing"
scent that followed us around, day in and
day out, for an entire semester?) Looking
back, it's hard to- believe our medical
education started only four short years ago
as we were handed a disposable safety razor
and told to "begin." We labored over our
cadavers, meticulously tracing nerves and
searching for anomalous vessels, and
agonized over endless lists of origins,
insertions, actions, and innervations.
Lab groups probably spent more time and
shared more experiences together than in
any other learning activity. Close
friendships within these groups formed
quickly, and we all became each other's
sources of encouragement and support.
The endless hours spent learning as a class
and in small groups produced a constant
anxiety, and the ever-present gnawing
feeling of "how am I going to remember all
of this?" An uneasiness filled the air as each
of the tests and practicals approached —
another hurdle to vault (or at least step)
over.
Through all of this we somehow felt a sense
of awe as the beauty and complexity of the
human body unfolded before our eyes.
After the last exams were handed in, the
corks popped and champagne flowed as we
celebrated the end of our initiation into
Medicine. It was the end of perhaps the
most demanding course of our lives, and
the beginning of an endless process of
learning.
Left: Lab F. Right: Lab C.
Ken Sumner has a
midnight snack.
^^^
X^k
rf__
fe_jr'^ rJV^g^
50 T-WavG Freshman Year
tmm
•^LabE
Stuart Meyers, Lynn Andrews, and Jay French
unravel thie mysteries of the Gl tract.
Dr Walker and Mike Chun celebrate
the end of Gross Anatomy.
•^ Left: Laura Johnson, Rick Roth, and
Brad Butler are all smiles after the
, Gross final. Right: Cliff Selsky blows his
own horn.
Freshman Year T-Wove 61^3
Physio
Lab
The laboratory exercises in Physiology were
a welcome break from the grueling hours
spent dissecting cadavers in Gross
Anatomy, and the countless ones sitting in
front of our microscopes looking at slides in
Histology. We became our own Guinea
Pigs as we learned about EKGs, PFTs, and
even semen analysis.
The animal experiments were, for many, a
sore point, but also our first true exposure
to "Surgery," and, if used to their full
potential, good learning experiences. Lines
were carefully placed, and chest cavities
entered, providing access to the mysteries
of the living heart and lungs — somewhat
different looking than the formaldehyde-soaked
versions we had studied in Gross.
As with any "real" experiments, these
exercises produced yards of tracings or
other data that we scrutinized carefully,
trying to determine (rationally?) what parts
were actually meaningful. They offered our
first real opportunity in medical school to
think about what we were doing, and
became an essential part of the foundation
for the remainder of our courses here at
Tulane.
^ John Kelley learns from Dr. Pisano that a "T-Wave"
is more than the yearbook he just paid for.
Kent Heck and Chuck Menendez wonder
if Wiil Kopfler might need CPR.
Ifs Party Time!
Most of the time, medical students are best
described by the classical "Type A"
personality profile — intense, hard
working, and usually worried about (and
living for) the next exam. When breaks do
arrive, though few and far between, a
miraculous transformation occurs, and a
Type "PA" personality ("Party Animal")
becomes unleashed, almost as an instinctive
response to a rather painful stimulus.
The Phi Chi Fall Luau kicked off each year
with a wild "beachless" beach party.
Although casualties included pineapple
otitis externa, assorted bruises (many from
the use of the now famous two-story
Polynesian Water Slide), and acute hepatic
toxicity, few were capable of remembering
just how much of what happened really did
(and even fewer actually cared).
By popular demand, a Halloween Party was
held at Jay French's Uptown home on an
annual basis, complete with dancing, jack-o'lanterns,
and a multitude of medical
students and their guests displaying their
alter-egos with a variety of imaginative
costumes.
Throughout the years there were numerous
spontaneous "end of the course," "post-exam,"
and "why-do-we-need-an-excuse-to-
have-a-party?" parties, many with
themes ("Red, White, and Black," "Let's
Solve a Murder," "King Cake," and
"Pumpkin Carving.") All in all, the bottom
line was "Work hard and play hard!"
Halloween Rogues' Gallery: John Wiener, Denise Nigra, Amy
Friedman, Debbie Doyle, John Melton, Brad Butler, Gary
Simmonds, Steve Hopkins, Barbara Garroll, Erich Bruhn, Kirk
Murdock, Maria Rodriguez, and Bob Hopkins.
Red, White & Black Poitiers: Martha Schenk, Kirk Murdock, Sue
Heverling, Brad Butler, Dan Kahn, Jeff Tan, and Maria Rodriguez.
54 T-WaVG It's Party TimeT—^--
'4 Already been "leied": Top Row:
Pete Waller, Beth Windsor, Steve
Jones, Erich Bruhn, and John
Leung. Bottom Row: Sue Heverling,
Susan McLellan, and Paul Gott.
jrs PmyTimel T-Wove 65
Halloween
Mardi
Gras
"Let's all go to the Mardi Gras!" Only
twelve short days after Christmas a season
steeped in tradition and pageantry begins in
New Orleans. Kings and Queens and their
royal courts reign over parades and festive
balls. Purple, green, and gold are the colors
of the season, symbolizing the virtues of
Justice, Faith, and Power.
Excitement fills the air as the many Krewes
parade through Uptown, and down St.
Charles and Canal Streets to the delight of
tourists and natives alike. Maskers on floats
in elaborate garb fill the streets with
trinkets where a sea of hands eagerly awaits
the cups, beads, doubloons, panties, and
flowers that are the treasures of the day.
The crowds make their contributions as
well, donning bright costumes and painted
faces.
Fat Tuesday arrives, and everyone descends
on the French Quarter where men and
women bare their souls (not to mention
various parts of their anatomy), and
otherwise indulge in the merriment that is
Carnival. After acquiring a prized coconut
or two, you push through the crowd, and at
last, over all the noise, you hear someone
shout that now familiar line, "Throw me
somethin' Mister!"
Left; Mardi Gras Masker. Center: John Wiener
gives Monica O'Brien a lift. Riglit: Rex
proclaims a day of merriment.
Rex arrives.
Chris Gay asks if anyone has
seen his harem.
58 T-Wave T^smn^r^
! •^ Is it a He or a She? Nobody cares
on Bourbon Street!
i •fH
-Odds Si Eo&s TnWaVii 61
r-Wave Candid Camera
d
Bl^H^P^ Hwh
1
Candid Camera T-Wave 63
Mudbug
Mania
Each spring as the "mudbugs" came out of
hibernation, the class converged on
"Haphazard," Susan McLellan's home-away-
from-home, for a traditional
Louisiana Crawfish Boil. Hundreds of
pounds of these hotly in demand little
crustaceans were boiled by "skilled
professionals" in a mixture of salt, spices,
and peppers to achieve that special flavor
many of us have come to know and love
since arriving in Louisiana to undertake
medical training. The crawfish were
devoured, almost a quickly as they were
prepared, as the class indulged in an orgy of
"suckin' heads" and "pinchin' tails," along
with potatoes, com, and Dixie Beer.
Many spent the afternoons playing football
or volleyball, or swimming in the
mysterious amber water that was in the
pool. Others simply took the rare
opportunity to relax in the quiet bayou
surroundings.
The sunshine and moss-covered cypresses
provided the perfect setting for these days
of fellowship that were welcome
distractions from the hectic pace of medical
school. It was a unique slice of Louisiana
tradition we will always remember.
The class digs into a pile of
steaming mudbugs
Left: John Turner shows his gridiron
flair. Right: Jonathan Lesser and
Jimmy Mayer strain a bushel of
freshly-boiled bugs.
'64 T-Wave Mudbug Mania
^ Andre6 Young, Myrna Kleinpeter, and
Debra Moore relax over the bayou.
Cindy Stewart and ^
Rod Gex make a new friend.
Bob Hopkins ^
only likes the tails.
Dave Post downs
another plateful.
•4 Dave Schenk and Debbie Doyle are queried about
the progress of another pot of crawfish.
Sophomore Year
"The more we study, the more we discover
our ignorance"
— Percy Bysshe Shelley
1985-86 Officers
student Executive Committee Sopttomore Class
President Shelby Wilbourn President James (Mayer
Vice President Catherine Wheeler Vice President Bret Hughes
Treasurer Anno Lou Secretary Michele Molnar
Secretary Michele Lajaunie Treasurer Sher^^l Young
Honor Board Cary Simmonds and Beth Windsor
Medical Milestones
President Ronald Reagan undergoes surgery to remove intestinal polyp
"Magic Bullef treatment for Liver Cancer developed at Johns Hopkins
CBS Television poll ranks AIDS as number two US health problem
First Vi/oman recieves an artificial heart
Medical licenses ruled "marital property" in court case
Sale of intrauterine devices halted
Two teams report having isolated the AIDS virus
US Army restricts smoking
Skeletal muscle implant aids in cardiac function
Other Noteworttiy Events
Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev succeeds Konstantin Chernenko
Columbian volcanic eruption kills 25,000 people; earthquake in Mexico City 7,000
Corazon Aquino challenges Ferdinand Marcos in Philippines Presidential Election
Reagan and Gorbachev hold summit in Geneva
Apartheid in South Africa leads to violence, corporate divestment
Gramm-Rudman-Holiings bill calls for automatic spending cuts to help reduce deficit
United Nations celebrates its 40th Anniversary
Titanic located after 73 years on Atlantic Ocean floor
"The Cosby Show" becomes number one rated TV program according to AC Nielson
Second year offered a significant amount of
time for relaxation and partying. But it was
also our opportunity to find out how many
tests could be crammed into a fixed period
without the use of a crowbar. By this time
we had all gotten to know who was quick
on the uptake, who got worried before tests,
who was candid, who was an activist, and
who was a Frat brother. We had made
some good friends and had everybody
"pegged" just a httle.
The note service became more reliable —
perhaps too reliable — and a sizable portion
of the class found it unnecessary to make an
appearance save to check mailboxes, take
tests, and participate in other "required"
experiences such as Micro Lab and Quiz
Bowl. Those who opted to attend lectures
found the topics being presented often took
a back seat to making plans for the evening.
Nonetheless, Pathology and Microbiology
introduced us to the world of disease pro-cesses,
and gave us reason to know the
stream of incoherent facts we had (or had
not) learned during Freshman Year. As we
tried to discern the difference between
an "-itis" and an "-osis," many found it
difficult to cover enough just to pass the
tests, let alone learn what you might need
to know to actually practice medicine at
some (possibly unforseeable) future point.
As time went on, the wisdom of Shelley
became more and more apparent.
But as November arrived so did our diag-nostic
equipment, along with renewed
hopes that we might get to work with the
patients to whom we had pledged our dedi-cation
only two years before during inter-views.
As we ventured out in fresh white
coats to test our instruments on unsuspect-ing
victims, some had the opportunity to
poke and palpate for hours on end, while
others were lucky to get in a simple "take a
deep breath" before being chased away.
Having begun to learn what we might be
trying to diagnose. Pharmacology gave us
the chance to find out how some of these
conditions were treated. Drug therapies and
interactions were covered and generic
names memorized as we added to the
knowledge base we needed for next year's
challenges.
As the class settled down in the familiar
orange seats for the last time, the fact that
we would not really meet together as a
group for the remainder of our education
here at Tulane inspired a certain sense of
sadness, for we had drawn much strength
from the knowledge that we were "all in this
together." Yet a feeling of excitement took
its place as we handed in the last test and
headed for the wards.
Are You a T2?
Smile
(HP in Epidemiology — used
Gordon Honda's notes)
Books
(Plans to read most of
these — except Micro)
Liver
(Fatty change)
MEdREP Notes
(Worth their weight in paper)
T2 Morning
"Eyeopener"
Brain
(Saturated sponge)
—Contact Lenses
(Able to wear again)
Jumped off garage roof at
Ptii Ct\'\ Luau
Bags Under Eyes
(In Pathology Lab all night)
Stettioscope
(Today heard S4 in patient
with atrial fibrillation)
Crasti Scissors
(RealJy useful in PD)
Lab Coat
(So fresh it stands by Itself)
Reflex Hammer
(Poised and ready)
Optittialmoscope
(Blinded herself looking for
patient's "red reflex")
"Black Bag"
(Must be on military
scholarship)
T2 Toys
(Inside — haven't been
stolen yet)
Dresses "sober like the clerk"
I
70 T-Wave Sophomore Year
Typical T2 Timeline
7:52a T2 arrives at school. Picks up a
cup of coffee to keep her
awake iong enough to get
through the exam she is
about to take (the third
one this week).
1:10- ...meanwhile, does the H&P
1 :27p she was supposed to do
two days ago for Physical
Diagnosis.
9:55a "42-50. Match the foilowing
Pathological Conditions with
the lecturer who presented
them..." (Its going to be
another one of those tests.)
Has a date with "Man in the
Pan." Begins to wonder when
she finds both a prostate and
a uterus in the bucket, (Wait
until she finds out the cause
of death!)
T 10:55a Grabs a can of Diet Ccke to
keep her awake while she
takes notes for Micro. Then
remembers the lecturer is
Emmett Johnson and decides
to get two.
4:32p Passing by the key on her way
to the elevators, T2 decides
not to ovoid the inevitable
and starts to check her
answers, but chickens out
after missing a "sizable"
number on the first two pages.
1 1 :25a Already on Diet Coke
number two, hopes she can
make some sense of this
lecture from the tape since
she realizes everything she
has written for the past 25
minutes is meaningless.
5:19p Goes jogging in Audubon
Park before heading over to
the Uptown Librar/ to begin
cramming for yet another test
next week.
m^. 12:11- Enjoys lunch and listens to a
12:54p concert in the park near
City Hall.
8:50p Has changed seats three
times but can't seem to get
away from gossiping
undergraduates.
"Attends" Biostats, as does
her classmates, via "Gordon
Honda's Correspondence
Course in Medical Statistical
Analysis..."
9:47- Having given up on studying,
??:??a she calls it an evening and
meets a group of friends for
pitcher night at "Cooter's..."
Of Mice
and
Meningitis
Practical experience has been heralded as
essential to any learning process. Perhaps
that explains why we have had so many labs
throughout our medical education.
Diluting bacteria for plating may not be on
most people's list of "top ten things they
like to do," but doing it helped us to
understand what lab technicians have to go
through, and why the result of a culture
sent to the lab marked "STAT" won't
appear in three hours. Similarly, the phar-macology
experiments pointed out the
danger of giving "just a little too much."
Some (unlike Lenny) did not like "playing
with the rabbits," — or the mice for that
matter. Fortunately for us, most patients
will not be as uncooperative as they were,
and (unless you are going into Psychiatry)
will not be likely to bite either.
Of course knowing crystal violet from
safranin will be very valuable when called
to evaluate a patient with meningeal signs
at 3:00 am, as will knowing the effects of ai
overdose of a drug such as atropine. One
would therefore likely agree our hours in
the lab were, although tedious, well spent.
Left: Barbara Carroll captures o
fleeing "subject." Rigtit: Joe Beck,
James Baker, and Brian Kavanaghi
try to remember enough of the
"pre-lab" to answer the question
on the "pop quiz."
Dr. Domer puts to sleep
more than just the subject
on the videotape as
he lectures about
anesthetics.
Joseph Chi and Kenny Sumner ponder the realm ^
of Microblus the Marvelous Microbe.
I ^j^,
"
T-Wave Sophomore Year
M Knight Worley appears less than
impressed by the tortilla "aroma" of Pseudomonas.
Dave Post avoids the "sharp surprises" awaiting
him at the other end of the tail.
Playing
Doctor
Physical Diagnosis was our introduction
to the practical applications of the things
we had been lectured to about for what
seemed like an eternity. We were taught
by some of the best, who offered us the
benefits of their many years of clinical
experience and acumen.
Yet as we gained more and more experience
of our own, our touch became better, our
ears a little keener, our eyes a little sharper,
our confidence a little stronger, and our
fingers numb from writing down pages and
pages about what we had found — or
thought we had. .
Sure, we "blinded" countless patients in
search of that elusive "red reflex" (and
ultimately that sharp disc margin), caused
them to writhe in pain trying to locate the
spleen tip of those with acute abdominal
pain, or made them wonder if they were
deathly ill when we made funny faces as we
spent three minutes or longer listening
intently to one area of the chest, all in the
name of "education."
But these were just milestones — markers
of our determination — as we progressed
down the long road to perfecting our
clinical skills.
n/^
M Clinician par excellence Dr. C, Thorpe Ray
ploys his heart out over the infamous Stethophones.
Dr. Ray in Various Situations
Riding a Roller Coaster.
A
/&!
^wij
iTv
Ready for basketball. In the shower.
^ Gregor Hoffman goes over his
write-up just one last time
over lunch.
2;.,::^Sdpmm&&v^f T-Wav© 75
On
With The
Show
Continuing the tradition of entertaining the
freshmen just before they took their block
exams drew on the creative talents of many
of those in our class. Several presentations,
including old favorites "Omohyoid" and
the videotape "Stemlins," were revived and
received standing ovations from admiring
crowds. But perhaps the most memorable
was one featuring "Madonna-Wanna-Be"
Monica O'Brien and twelve or so others
costumed in some of the wildest outfits this
side of Mardi Gras. Makes you wonder
whether a few of them might have been
better off with a career in show business.
(Or maybe not...)
%
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30\-)
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time'
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f-nin*
L
76 T-WaVG SophomorS' Ysof
,o^o'
)VoS
aM0<3A<i
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Sophomore Year T-WOV^ ' "77"
The Gang's
All Here
Left: "Best Notetakers" of tfie Sophomore Year: Rama
Thiiruvengadam, Paula Brinkley, Tommy Cross, Monica
O'Brien, and Gordon Honda. (Not Pictured: Susan
McLellan.) Center: Even Jim Homans smiled after
the last exam. Right: Clayton Wagner and
Craig Helm relax between lectures.
^ Left: Steve Gillespie listens as a question
is asked. Right: Jay Frencti and Lisa Diard display
various levels of interest in the material.
Bret Hughes gives the class some
lost-minute messages before the PD Final.
Junior Year
'You have Just crossed over into the
TwiUght Zone.
"
— Rod Serling
i 986-87 Officers
student Executive Committee
President Catherine Wheeler President
Vice President James Mayer Vice President
Treasurer Cliff Seisky Secretary
Secretary Frederick Azar Treasurer
Junior Class
Bret Hughes
Deborah Doyle
Michele Moinar
Cynthia Stewart
Honor Board Lynn Andrews, Thomas Cross, Paul Gott, and Beth Windsor
Medical Milestones
First vaccine made with recombinant DNA techniques approved for human use
Jarvic-7 artificial heart recipient William Schroeder dies after multiple strokes
"Crack" addiction becomes widespread. Congress considers stronger drug legislation
New test allows prediction of Huntingon's Chorea victims and debate over use ensues
French investigators develop "Month After" pill
AZT approved for treatment of AIDS patients; scientist tests AIDS vaccine on himself
Chromosome 11 linked to Manic-Depression
Surrogate motherhood goes on trial in landmark "Baby M" case
Adrenal implant in brain aids four patients with Parkinson's Disease in Mexico
Other Noteworttiy Events
Honey's Comet approaches earth
Chernobyl nuclear power plant leaks radiation; thousands evacuated
Martin Luther King Holiday observed for first time
Space Shuttle Challenger explodes, killing seven astronauts; holts shuttle program
Philippine President Marcos flees that country amidst election controversy
US bombs Libya in retalliation to terrorism
Statue of Liberty celebrates her centeniol with spectacular birthday party
Prince Andrew of England marries Sarah Ferguson
As the long-awaited Third Year began, we
immediately found ourselves having to learn
how to read chart abbreviations, write a note,
get labs, draw blood, present a patient, and
get around in a hospital. In time, of course,
we mastered these things and more. We also
learned the word "Scut," and what it meant.
As had been anticipated, the hours tended to
be incredibly long. On certain services 100-
120 hour workweeks were not unheard of. As
the time became a blur, and exhaustion made
reality begin to blend with imagination, you
could not help feeling as if a part of one of
Rod Serling's classic episodes on television.
This was especially true when you entered
that part of the "Zone" known as the "call"
room. If you were at Charity, the furniture
dated to the 1930's and you might idly won-der
how many patients had expired in your
bed. Outside the male and female talking ele-vators
"hinged" and announced their direc-tion.
When you became vastly amused by this,
you knew you had been in house too long.
The year was divided into five blocks, three
short and two long. Neuro/Psych offered the
chance to play the game "Find the Infarct,"
and perhaps do a few LPs. Dealing with prob-lem
patients such as "Superman" gave one
great respect for the beneficial aspects of psy-chotropic
medications. Delivering babies
while on OB/Gyn could be great fun, but
unfortunately the fun always seemed to start
around 3 am. Gynecology was more sedate,
but rushing a woman with a ruptured TOA to
surgery provided enough excitement to keep
things interesting. The last of the seven-week
blocks was Pediatrics, the study of wheezes,
sneezes, and infectious diseases. Of course in
that short period nearly everyone fell victim to
what we were supposed to just be studying.
We were continuously reminded that children
are not simply "little adults." When did
anyone think otherwise?
Medicine brought new emphasis to the EKG,
CXR and heart sounds as diagnostic tools.
Some patients had histories classic for their
diseases, while others had non-contributory
chief complaints! Write-ups, viewed by many
as superfluous, often seemed to be "evalu-ated"
based on the number of trees sacrificed
for the effort. Meanwhile, Surgery ranged
from boring to grueling, depending on the
service you were "lucky" enough to be placed
on. Many spent hours playing "human retrac-tor,"
but if you were interested (and asser-tive),
you got to do a few minor procedures.
We ended the year with an understanding of
the general areas of the field, upon which
those who had not chosen a specialty in utero
began to formulate plans. Of course those who
were still "undecided," still had "plenty of
time" as Fourth Year became a reality.
^^,.
/'rti;r M 1 1 i imijiiii'l
:3 Vi ~ — "^
After 250 years. Charity finds r»w strer)gth8, c/»a/tef»ges
NJ,
Jg''.
KODAK TMV 5053 KODAK TMV 5053
a DOCTOR-S LOCKER RM.
MILES O.R. 15-18
IILES O.R. 19-25 S>-fr
I.R. SUPERVISOR '£>=>
=a MILES AMPHITHEATER
ATTENTION
r f
im-t
Are You a T3?
"Surgical Cap" Head
5.00 (am) Shadow
Drooping Shoulders
(Lab Coat & Equipment
- Net Weight 30 lbs.)
Liver
(Alcoholic hepatitis)
Harrison's'
Textbook of Internal Medicine
(Cellophane wrapper
still intact)
Torn Pocket
(Through which ophthalmoscope
attachment recently fell into
24 hour urine collection)
Scut List
(On clipboard)
Switched schedule to be "on call"
during Phi Chi Luau
"82 ' " "
' T-'WnvS—~ JijniofT&cM
NG Output
Brain
(Potato salad)
Glasses
(Missing — Lost in coil room)
Bogs Under Eyes
(Up all night "on call")
Srriile
(Fading — Now knows what he's
gotten himself into)
Stethoscope
(Hears RRR s (m) (g) (r) ALWAYS)
Charity Key
Lab Coat
(So dirty it stands by itself)
Reflex Hammer
(Ballast)
T3Toy
(Uncharged — just for show)
Unknown Bodily Secretion
Tourniquet
(Holds up scrubs)
T3 Morning "Eyeopener"
(Once confused with
specimen cup)
Scrubs
(Permanently wrinkled)
"Placenta" Feet
Dresses "if he can find the time"
Typical T3 Timeline
4:58a Wakes to sound of T4 Room-mate
arriving from "Le Bon
Temps Rouli^ ." Fell asleep
reading for rounds. Hears alarm
in ttie next room (5:00a), and
reluctantly gets up. Decides to
wear ttie scrubs he slept in.
11:42a Staff Rounds "end" (beeper
goes off and tie is called
away). Takes blood sample of
an IVDA to specimen
receiving and, as this was
very difficult to get, hand-carries
it to appropriate lob.
hj:^
6:05a Arrives on wards and makes
Scut List, Two of his patients
have spiked fevers overnight
and need septic work-ups
before staff rounds.
12:22p Grabs a quick bite in the
school cafeteria and then
tries to read in Student
Lounge, Within minutes he is
fast asleep.
6:20- Writes five identical notes:
7:22a S: Pt s c/o, ®BM, ©flatus
O: VSS, Chest: CTA,
Heart: RRR, Abd: eBS. soft
A: HD #X, stable
P: Labs pending;
NH Placement
3:10p Awakens to find he has slept
through lecture ("oh, s—I"),
and then returns to Charit/ to
check labs before meeting
with his group. Discovers
sample he submitted this
morning marked "QNS"
("d- it!")
7:45- Attends Morning Report. Has
9:19a a donut (jelly) and some
coffee. Seems to remember
hearing Dr. Ray describe
what a patient hod for
breakfast just by looking at his
EKG and CXR, but for the
most part slept through it.
After driving out to pick up
dinner for his residents, T3
does H&P of first hit. Finishes
just in time for 2nd hit, a Gl
bleeder who was mistakenly
given heparin.
0^ 9:25a T3 informed of new patient for
him to pick up that has
Lupus, occult malignancy,
and FUG, and is offered the
chance to present her on
Staff Rounds (in 5 minutes).
"Respectfully" declines.
1:10a Heads for call room. Gets
more sleep in elevator
between floors 2 and 15 than
he probably will all night.
Finds his room occupied. One
tvi/o doors down is empty and
he decides to sleep there.
9:38a Staff Rounds (aka the
"Spanish Inquisition"). Is
asked to read chest film of
above-mentioned patient.
Findings change topic to
Sarcoid, rather than the Lupus
he just spent 10 minutes
reviewing. ..oh well...
6:05a Sleeping T3 is wakened by
Operator. Has (wow!) not been
called. Then finds beeper dead
and remembers he never
called resident with new
room number ("1—1")
So begins another day...
Round
and
Round
The wards became our home Third Year,
as we substituted sore feet for the sore back
side that came from sitting in lectures all
day. Rising before the sun became com-monplace,
and even seeing that celestial
body became a rarer occurrence.
Rounds were a new experience and chal-lenge
— a complex combination of trying to
hear over the air conditioner or "The Three
Stooges," trying not to demonstrate a Rom-berg
Sign secondary to a lack of sleep while
on call the night before, and trying to jug-gle
your index cards preparing to present
your next patient,
Of course there was the constant feeling the
attendings were after what you didn't know
rather than what you did — the staging sys-tem
for a tumor your patient didn't have or
a lab value from an admission three years
ago — sort of "learn by intimidation."
But we didn't let the intimidation get the
best of us, and by the end we could con-dense
a complex history into a one breath
presentation for Surgery (or a novella for
Medicine), avoiding loose details that might
lead to an unexpected line of questioning.
Something for which we all might deserve a
"round" of applause.
Left: A bright-eyed
Sheryl Young is
ready for rounds at
7:00 am. Right:
Privacy is a scarce
commodit/ on the
Vi/ards of Charity.
Dan Wilkerson
on coll.
Paul Pflueger models the latest in
fashions for the active T3.
Wade Young hands a patient a I
prescription in clinic.
4Operating Room personnel in action.
Ron Kotfila feigns interest in a journal as he watches
TV in the Student Lounge.
Rokesh fVlangal listens on
rounds.
-\-
'HI
i \ :.
^ An intricate sculpture
greets all who visit Charity Hospital.
•^ Familiar Forms,
Left: Brian Hughey does
some Vegas-style shuffling
so he can "deal" with his
patients. Right: Famished,
Jeff Tan wasn't brave
enough to tr/ the daily
Special in the cafeteria,
T
Reflecting the Skin
'egor Hoffman, Jim Voigtiander, and Brad Butler prepare to get plastered
1 the Orthopaedics service.
Pat Reynolds somehow manages to stay awake
during morning report.
Left: Gordon Honda waits patiently for rounds to end.
(Elapsed Time 02:48:06) Right:Jimmy Mayer mal<es a point to
Michele Molnar as ttiey traverse tfie bridge between TMC
Hospital and the School of IVledlcine. Inset: Greg
Ochsner catches up on the news.
Maria Rodriguez updates her social calendar
between seeing patients.
plr" T-Wav© Junior Year
^ Clockwise from left: Room 4 stands ready for
oil who need its special services. Cliff Selsky palpates
a PMI on a one-year old chiild. Bobby Anderson makes an
appearance. One of Ctiarity's well nurseries. Katfiy Macauloy
smiles as Tommy Cross finds out wtiat tie "may tiave already won,'
The
New Orleans
Journal of Medicine
Established in 1834 as The New Orleans Journal of Medicine
VOLUME 153 April 1, 1987 Number 17
Original Articles
Surgical Rotation of the Right
Leg in Persons Bom with Two
Left Feet
Emmanuel Shapira AND RayJ. Haddad.Jr
The Effect of Saltpeter in Food Served
to First-Year Medical Students:
The Tulane Cafeteria
Experience, 1984-85
Leon B. Walker and the Caeeterl^ Ladies
I^^•EsnGATIONAL NLmunoN Group (CLING)
The Rising Popularity of Medical
Subspecialties with ReaUy
"Cushy" Residencies and Very
Little On-Call Responsibilities...
Wallace K. Tomlinson, W, Cufford Newman,
AND James T. Hamlin. Ill
453
455
STDs Among Fourth-Year Medical
Students Doing Out-of-Town
Rotations
Ronald L Nichols and the Sexually Transmitted
Innoculation of Neisseria Group (STING)
Medical Progress
Causes and Control of Umbilical
Extroversion ("Duties")
Martin L Pernoll
458
461
472
Case Records of the
Charity Hospital of New Orleans
A 29-Year-Old Man with Multiple
Gunshot Wounds to the
Abdomen, No Other History
Available, Brought in by the
PoUce 476
Norman E. McSwain, Patrick D. Walker,
Donald M, Gallant, and Michael Wall
Editorial
Is Surgery Appropriate Therapy
for People Who Cannot Dance?...
Probably Not 482
Leon A. Weisberg
Correspondence
ATOS Transmitted Through the US Postal
Service 491
Guidelines for Mailmen 491
A Homosexual IV-Drug-Abusing
Hemophiliac Who Works for a
Mail-order Catalog Service 492
Book Reviews 495
Notices 498
^l^—rm'CN^^'—JiffmfTSaf^""':
MEDICAL PROGRESS
Causes and Control of Umbilical
Extroversion ("Outies")
Martin L. Pernoll, MD
Umbilical extroversion ("outies") is a cosmet-ically
unappealing condition affecting millions of
people in this country. Precise figures regarding
incidence are difficult to accumulate; however,
it's probably safe to say that there are at least as
many people with this condition as there are sheep
in Kansas.
Until recently, the precise cause of this affliction
has remained as mysterious as the little bar code
printed on items sold in the supermarket. A few
workers have claimed to have proven explanations
mal of Medicine Apr, I, 1987
for it, but you practically had to have a computer
in order to really understand what they were
talking about. Yet, we've now come to realize that
the condition can begin to manifest itself as early
as three or four hours after birth. Indeed, some
have even suggested that the condition exists in
the fetus itself, but these people are mostly strung-out,
ex hippie, sixties leftovers. Personally, I used
to listen to the Beatles, but I never did any drugs
as a teenager. And I still do have a significant
amount of my own hair left, which is more than
most of those guys can say.
But back to the scientific issues. The true cause
of umbilical extroversion is probably related to
placement of the clamp on the cord after birth.
While this might seem obvious to some, it has
been an especially elusive concept for obstetri-cian/
gynecologists to grasp. There are so many
other possible infectious, neoplastic, hereditary,
autoimmune, and hormonal causes, that OB/Gyns
had been waiting for someone else to figure out
the true cause.
It's a situation not unlike something I remember
from my days back in Oregon, Folks do a lot of
cattle breeding up there, and you can see a two-headed
calf once in a while. Sometimes a
proprietor of a local tavern will obtain one of these
and have a taxidermist stuff it, and then put it
in the window of his barroom. Well, let me tell
you something about this kind of bar. It is not
jS
478 The New Orleans Journal of Medicine Apr. I, 1987
was not the case.
Dr. McSwain: Dr. Wall, Would you care to
comment on the CT of the Head?
Dr. Michael Wall: The CT of the head is entirely
negative. There is essentially nothing in this man's
brain.
Dr. McSwain: Thank you, Dr. Wall. And now.
Dr. Gallant, would you care to interpret the
abdominal x-ray film?
Dr. Donald Gallant: Well, as you probably know,
I'm a psychiatrist, not a radiologist. However, from
what little 1 remember from medical school, it
would appear that this young man has several
bullets lodged somewhere in the gastrointestinal
tract. What do you call that first part? The jejunum?
No, that's not right. But you know what I mean.
By the way, is the spleen usually on the right or
the left side?
Dr. McSwain: WeU, the spleen is usually on the
left side. But I've seen three cases of extopic spleen
where at laparatomy the patients were noted to
have a leather change purse where the spleen
should be. That's why it's always a good idea, taking
into consideration the population of patients we
see at Charity, to have a metal detector in the
OR. That way, you know just what you're dealing
with. It also helps to locate the bullets or fragments
of knives, like those projectiles which you have
astutely pointed out to us on the x-ray film (see
Figure 2).
Moving right along, what might be the next
appropriate step in the management of this patient.
Dr. WaU?
Dr. Wall: Well, there's no substitute for a good
ophthalmoscopic exam. In this particular patient,
I recall seeing vdiat might have been the "bowtie"
sign, but one of the nurses bumped me as I was
leaning over, so I can't be absolutely certain. Also,
in testing the extra-occular muscle integrity, I
thought the patient might have had a mild left
fourth nerve palsy. There's an easy test for this,
and it only involves drawing a few lines on paper.
Remind me to show you some time. In any case,
the patient was wheeled to surgery before I could
complete the examination of the right eye.
Dr. McSwain: Those certainly arc very interest-ing
findings, but if you have a patient bleeding
out from the abdomen on the table, it's probably
not a good idea to spend too much time testing
his eyeballs. I think at this point I'd do what the
residents did and take him upstairs and open him
up. Before we consult the pathologist to describe
what was found, would you care to venture a
diagnosis. Dr. Gallant?
Dr. Gallant: In a series of large Scandinavian
adoption studies, it was shown that the son of
an alcoholic father has roughly an 80-85% chance
of becoming an alcoholic. The other problem in
this case is probably the related issue of denial.
True, the patient was brought in only semi-conscious,
and thus no history was obtainable, but
I would think that even if this man could talk,
he would probably deny the true extent of his
problem.
Dr. McSwain: Dr. Wall, what are your thoughts
on this matter?
Dr. Wall: In this population, the ocular
manifestations of sarcoid must always be included
in the differential, although idiopathic optic
neuritis cannot be ruled out. However, I would
venture that judging from the bizarre behavioral
pattern suggested in this case, tertiary syphilis
would be my number one choice — perhaps
revelations regarding a tainted amourous relation-ship
initially sparked the altercation.
Dr. McSwain: Well, I certainly agree that
alcoholism and syphilis are quite possibly key
elements in the final diagnosis, but its been my
personal experience that quite often harder drugs
are frequently involved. My best guess is that the
reason for the gunfight had to do with some drug
deal that went bad. Of course, the type of weapon
involved sometimes clues you in to the back-ground
circumstances.
s:: ••Ok
Clinical Diagnosis
Young urban warrior shot several times in the
abdomen.
Dr. Donald M. Gallant's Diagnosis
Alcoholism.
Dr. Michael Wall's Diagnosis
Dementia secondary to neurosyphilis.
Dr. Norman E. McSwain's Diagnosis
Wired on cheap cocaine.
Medical Students' Diagnosis
The dude went nuts after he got Syphilis from
some hooker. He got drunk one night, and
somebody oflfered him some crack. He didn't have
any cash to pay for it after he used it, so the other
dude shot him.
Hospital of New Orleans 479
Figure 2 — Abdominal Film of patient under discussion.
Pathologic Discussion
Dr. Patrick Walker: It was difiicult to tell fi-om
the gross appearance exactly what the bullets were
made of It was probably lead, or ma>t)e some
type of harder metal. They might even have been
one of those newer alloy's. I really don't know,
since I never use a gun. One thing is for certain:
they were not those scary teflon-coated numbers
that the guy on 60Minutes said could slice through
six cops in a row all wearing protecthe vests.
Renal parenchymal disorders are not common,
but they should always be considered. Unfortu-nately,
in this case, there was no tissue from the
kidney submitted. In fact, what I had originally
hoped was a snippet of Gerota's Fascia clinging
to one of the slugs was probably onh- some
fragment of peritoneum from ^•ho knows wtiere.
It is significant that the ART and TPHA were
both positive. The patient's senrni alcohol le\el
of -32 is probably also relevant to the issue at
hand. At the present time we're still awaiting the
final toxicology report, but all indications are that
Senior Year
'Nothing endures but change.
"
— Heraclitus
1987-88 Officers
student Executive Committee
President James Mayer
Vice President Frederick Azar
Treasurer Gordon Cotien
Secretary Jocquieen Dano
Senior Cioss
President Deborah Doyle
Vice President John Turner
Secretary David Schenl<
Treasurer Cynthia Stewart
Honor Board Lynn Andrews, Erich Bruhn, Thomas Cross, and Constance Fry
Medical Milestones
state of New York moves to shorten residenfs hours
"Hole" in ozone layer reported to be increasing incidence of skin cancers
First case of AIDS traced to 1969 — much earlier than previously thought
FDA approves Tissue Plasminogen Activator for human use
Other Noteworthy Events
Reagan and Gorbachev sign treaty eliminating an entire class of missies
"Block Monday" marks plunge in Dow Jones Average: Down 508 points
US Constitution celebrates 200th anniversary; Golden Gate Bridge its 50th
Pope visits US; celebrates mass in New Orleans
New Orleans Saints have first winning season in history
Elected to Memberstiip in
Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society
Jeffrey Duane Allen
James Keith Baker
Robert John Bischoff
Jonathan Charles Boraski
Deborah Joan Doyle
Ronald James French, Jr
Paul Frio Gott
John Cullen Hardy
Craig Joseph Helm
Dormakusuma le
Craig Howard Kliger
Jonathan Baird Lesser
Margaret Brown Liseckl
Richard Frederick Norem II
Paul Christian Pflueger
Kevin Joseph Renfree
James Michael Robbins
Bruce Ion Rogen
Richard Stat Roth
Clifford Allen Selsky
Richard Newman Sherman
Jeffer/ Tiong Guan Tan
Scott Douglas Tweten
James Patrick Voigtiander
John Samuel Wiener
Wayne Anthony Wilbright
Newland Knight Worley
Senior year brought with it uncertainty.
For, as far away as it seemed as we entered
Tulane just four short years before, we
were again faced with the task of finding
yet another place to continue our seemingly
never-ending education. Change became
the watchword as electives, vacation months,
and even specialty choices emerged as chal-lenging
decisions subject to revision with
each day and phone call.
As members of our class became scattered
like seeds in the wind, off to establish
themselves in the hearts and minds of pro-gram
directors around the country, there
was a new excitement: We had been given a
reprieve from the previous years of tedium — a chance to set out at last to explore that
world of medicine that, until then, seemed
confined to Tulane Avenue.
Extramural Rotations varied from the
tense, audition-like clerkships alluded to
earlier, to adventures in remote Third
World outposts. Many of us ventured to
Jamaica, taking places on the front line to
fight disease in clinics at the seashore and
in the rain forests. Ackee and sal'fish, reg-gae
and ganja, raw conch at Cornwall
Beach, and the magnificent Reach Falls
near Port Antonio were just a few of the
delights available in an island country
whose national motto is "No problem!"
and whose inhabitants long ago realized the
sheer lunacy of Americans enslaved by the
hands of a clock.
On the home front, the core curriculum
included a month of Community Medicine,
two months of outpatient clinic work, and a
one-month subinternship in the specialty of
your choice. The allotted two months of vaca-tion
permitted most of us time to jet around
to interviews and still have a chance to cool
off on the slopes or warm up on the beach.
Changes also permeated the more personal
aspects of our lives as well. Marriages were
announced, and for many already married,
the stork had scheduled an (unexpected?)
arrival. Those who choose to remain a bit
more footloose found themselves entering
new and different circles of friends and
soon-to-be professional associates.
During the second half of the year most of
us returned to our New Orleans headquar-ters
in anticipation of finding out how suc-cessful
all the changes we had made had
been at securing our futures on Match Day.
But regardless, graduation was around the
corner, and just about everyone was ready
to "make the turn." We would soon be going
our separate ways, but we would always carry
with us the memories of our times here at
Tulane.
(;i:xi:i{ALXi:\vs j
Are You a T4?
Swimmer's Ear
Stethoscope
(Forgot how to use
orders echo)
Sunglasses on ID
(No particular reason)
Liver.
(Cirrhosis)
New England
Journal of Medicine
(Reads abstracts for rounds)
FLEX Preparation Book
(Borrowed — too lazy
to take National Boards
as a sophomore)
Shorts
(Currently on Community
Medicine or Subinternship)
T4 Morning
"Eyeopener"
Went to a REAL Luau
94 "'T-WOVg Senkyr Year
Brain
(Pickled)
Glasses
(Vuarnet)
Bags Under Eyes
(Up all night partying)
Smile
(Has obviously finished her
Personal Statement)
Airplane Ticlcet
(To Hawaii — Doing block of
Radiology)
Tennis Elbow
Reflex Hammer
(Lost — Waiting for
"freebie" next year)
Suntan Lotion
Dresses "gay like the minstrel"
-I ^
Typical T4 Timeline
9:15a (Alarm) T4 awakens long
enough to hit the "snooze"
button on her alarm clock.
9:24a (Alarm) T4 can't quite
commit herself to getting out
of bed. Shuts alarm off
completely and dozes off.
9:33a Phone rings. T4 answers after
three rings, but not before
answering machine has
begun with "Hello. Sorry I
can't come to the phone
right now, but I'm either
laying in the sun, out at
Cooter's, asleep, or sailing
with Dr. Grogono..." When she
finally gets the machine to
stop, she learns it's the
chairman of o program
interested in setting up an
interview. Having already
decided to "blow that place
off," she (politely) declines.
9;45a Still "feeling the effects" of
overindulging at the party she
went to last night, she self-prescribes
one or two
Naprosyn Capsules, 375mg,
"acquired" from clinic.
10:00- In a whirlwind, the T4 takes a
10:20a shower, does her hair, brushes
her teeth, gets dressed, eats
breakfast (leftover slice of
Domino's Pizza), and heads
for downtown.
10:45a Arrives at Hutchinson Clinic in
time to see first patient.
11:00a Completes clinic visit H&P;
sends patient home.
11:25a In Cafeteria. (Catches up on
the latest gossip, discusses
residency applications,
compares notes with others
on how much the/ve blown
off their personal statements
and CVs, makes plans for
evening out, etc.)
12:00n T4 Remembers Drug Rep
presentation being given on
the 7th floor. Sleeps through
lecture in order to get free
lunch. Picks up EKG calipers
as a bonus.
1:30- Talks on phone with travel
2:25p agent, residency programs,
and various creditors, trying to
keep abreast of her
"demanding" schedule.
3:05- T4 Has returned home. Takes
4:45p advantageofPTIH (Prime
Tanning Index Hours).
5:05p Goes to Qu6 Sera's " 27 for 9"
Happy Hour
7:30- Attends Bar-B-Que at friend's
10:45p house. Conversation (again)
degenerates into bitching
about the Match and all the
work that needs to iDe done
to acquire "just the right
residency." Becomes frustra-ted
and says good night.
11:15a Realizes that today is the
beginning of a new block,
and that she is supposed to
have started a selective in
Out-Patient Pediatric Allergic
Dermatology. Decides its too
late to begin today — will
show up first thing next
morning.
1 1:30p Watches "Late Night with
David Letterman."
1 1:56p Falls asleep during "Stupid Pet
Tricks" (Thie/re even more
stupid than usual.)
11:57p 717221...
3k: •^obr Voof T-WO
Tulane University Scliool
Judith Karen Alexander
New Orleans, Louisiana
Jeffery Duane Allen
Ocala, Florida
Robert Michael Anderson Lynn Ann Andrews
Metairie, Louisiana Lo Joila, California
Judy Alexander prepares to exannine another surgical
specinnen in the pathology lab.
James Keith Baker
Metairie, Louisiana
David Moore Barclay III
Pt-iiladelphia, Pennsylvania
' Medicine Class of IPSS*™"*^^ h:
Debra Ann Bardugon
Malverne, New York
Pamela Margaret Bartholomew Cecil Emerson Bassett III
Metairie, Louisiana Wayne, Nebraska
Barbara Ellen Bean
New Orleans, Louisiana
Charles Joseph Beck
Metairie, Louisiana
Erech Orlando Bell
Greenville, Mississippi
Between admits, Cecil Bassett settles down catch up on
world events, but reads the comics instead.
J 3 1 3 J
-^
Robert John Bischoff
Chatham, New Jersey
Jonathan Charles Boraski
Hinsdale, Massachusetts
John Boraski "drop-kicks" his Neurology Case Studies. Paula Brlnkley
Agana, Guam
Claire Anne Brown
Ruston, Louisiana
Erich William Bruhn
New Canaan, Connecticut
Andr^ Avalon Burnett
Ocean Springs, Mississippi
Anne Brown thinks to herself, "...Adenoidcystic Corcinonna..
I was JUST going to say that.. .sure..."
^^ T-WaVO Iho Glace of 196$ m» i*fcMlI»/ IniMMii*!''^^ "^'INiWi wn^SSShi^
P" Si -^^M^^K 1 . f^8rr-^
%_^
L
^^^^^^^H ^^^^^^H
^^^^^^HE
Mary Caroline Burton
Little Rock, Arkansas
Jay Brad Butler V
Portland, Oregon
Barbara Carroll and Monica O'Brien look "too Inappy" to be
on Neurosurgery.
Kim Maria Callwood
St. Thomas, Virgin Islands
Cynthia Joan Cantrell
Gadsden, Alabama
Caroline Burton doesn't look too pleased with the
photographer.
Barbara Ann Carroll
Baldwin, New York
Margaret Kalai Cheung
New York, New York
^E i.s ^* . ^ Iho Lilaec of ma I WOVO W MMaMpHuamn
Joseph Isaac Chi
Santiago, Panama
George Michael Gerard Chun
Huntington Beach, California
Martin Arthur Cogburn Jr.
Lafayette, California
Charles Louis Collins
New Orleans, Louisiana
H^
Lisa Diard prepares a few journal articles for conference.
Marty Cogburn selects a treat from the FIFH basic food
group: Fast Food.
Ann Marian Cowgill
Winchester, Massachusetts
Jacob Thomas Cross Jr.
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
I
100 TW/uMJi IhoaacsoNlM ——^^^ NMpn^BHM H I^^^>«m^S^
Terry Lu Cummings
Winterport, Maine
Michael Jamil Dalall
Los Angeles, California
Joanie Duff and Rob Rosenberg count the minutes till the
end of Surgery. ^" _^1 ^^o1
"
^^'J
^\l ^2
Lisa Elizabeth Diard
Phoenix, Arizona
Deborah Joan Doyle
San Francisco, California
Joan Frances Duff
Phoenix, Arizona
Melonie Anne Ellison
Albany, Oregon
Paul Harris Feinberg
Spring Valley, New York
Joseph Ignacio Fernandez Randall Garth Fisher
Miami, Florida Provo, Utah
Deborah Sue Fieischhocker
Memphis, Tennessee
I 1. .a..^.—j^o L1ac€ of I i IJ/J^ T-WgV4^—\m—
|
M!ES»^<3)H^i^ALapHaa)!!SSe««»iK^!lRlai l8K«»!i!ll^jAMiM*t8i^WM«.jt!?SliM =^
^ -ik^
Ronald James French Jr.
New Orleans, Louisiana
Amy Sara Friedman
Parsippany, New Jersey
Wendy Gaines and Claude Smith learn to "never let a
mechanical device knov^^ you're in a hurry."
Constance Louise Fry
South Miami, Florida
Wendy Robin Gaines
New Rochelle, New York
Bruce Gandle
Fair Lawn, New Jersey
Christopher Allan Gay
The Dalles, Oregon
Over lunch on the hospital balcony, Terry Cummings
makes a point to Chris Gay.
Barton K. George
Phoenix, Arizona
I to:2~-pWn7g-~77ie Class o^ I
Q
88
Roderick Arthur Gex
New Orleans, Louisiana
;:»^<*^
Steven Anthony Gillespie Carol Ann Glaser
Marsl-ifield, Massachusetts Citajs Heights, California
Kenneth Damian Gordon
New Orleans, Louisiana
Paul Eric Gott
Kinder, Louisiana
Thomas Lee Holvorson
Malta, Montana
John Cullen Hardy
Warren, Arkansas
Emmanuel Elmo Harrison
New Orleans, Louisiana
Gregory Paul Hebert
Lake Charles, Louisiana
Kent Alan Heck
Findlay, Ohio
Greg Hebert and Elizabeth Koch discuss o new patient
over coffee.
Craig Joseph Helm
Pico Rivera, California
Susan Eileen Heverling
Anchorage, Alaska
Gregor James Hoffman
New Orleans, Louisiana
Joseph Daniel Hollingsworth III
Ruston, Louisiana
James Durston Homans
Sherborn, Massachusetts
Gordon Dwight Honda
Fresno, California
Joe Hollingsworth catches his breath between catching
babies.
Robert Jay Hopkins
Sacramento, California
Bret Alan Hughes
Carson, California
I
10/ TJQVagg" m Class of 1 98S
MNlK»H«SllMi iMil!Aiii IHiiiili I IMH Inil
inniRi
imo^L^—ifilSriiM J!>iriM
lllifllllHHMIillHiil
John Leung and Mark Huun find few things "black and
white" as they go over chest films.
Mark Albert Huun
Stockton, California
Darmakusuma le
Plantation, Fiorida
i^^ ^^*^^
k^ v^^W^, lijv
I -jl
J; '^^'^Hh
David Dunbar Ivy
Vicksburg, Mississippi
Laura Akers Johnson
Tucson, Arizona
Daniel Aaron Kahn
West Hartford, Connecticut
Brian Dennis Kavanagh
New Orleans, Louisiano
i «M Ml 1^1 » imI|b If B >f tBMMMMMWMM—MylWia k- zsrrsz I HHHI
z^s:5SsS:eUtM Ti-wcava 105 I
Jonathan Scott Katz
Scarsdale, New York
Jotin George Kelley
Hayward, California
Melissa Dee Kern
Sliort Hilis, New Jersey
John Katz and Bruce Gandle ask you to guess which one
of them was on call last night?
Elizabett) Marie Kocti
Columbus, Otiio
i^ki^
Craig Howard Kliger
Huntington Beach, California
William Peter Kopfler II
Hammond, Louisiana
Ronald Peter Kotfila Jr.
Paradise Valley, Arizona
William Alfred Kutctiera
New Orleans, Louisiana
Michele Marie Lajaunie
New Orleans, Louisiana
Jonathan Baird Lesser
Teaneck, New Jersey
106 T-WaVS IhoClacGofUm MMMaSSki \ -" ^r i^zzsz
Jimmy Mayer takes time out from h\s busy day to actually Jonathan Keetsun Leung
study some medicine. Sa" Francisco. California
Michael Lewis Levin
Skokie, Illinois
Paul Arthur Levy
Bronx, New York
Margaret Brown Lisecki
Denver, Colorado
i
Kathryn Elizabeth Macaulay Mehran Majidian
La Habra Heights, California Calabasas, California
Rakesh Kumar Mongol
Pascagoula, Mississippi
Jomes Calhoun Moyer Jr.
Metairie, Louisiana
Susan Leslie Fovrot McLellan
New Orleans, Louisiana
iz^z^
Debbie Moore tries to convince herself sfie lieard that
mid- systolic clicl<.
Stuart Joseph) Meyers
New Orleans, Louisiana
Marguerite Frances Miranne
New Orleans, Louisiana
Horace Lee Mitctiell
Albany, Georgia
Rose Mictiele Molnar
Doytona Beach, Florida
Debro Dannette Moore
New Orleans, Louisiana
Andrew Bevan Morris
Swarthnnore, Pennsylvania
I 106 T..W(JV<J IhoUaceoi- jjpg^ 1[ ^ ^ -w-^ 2=5= \ ^ ^
Kirk Albert Murdock
Hayward, California
Denise Ann NIgro
Oal< Broolc, Illinois
Rick Norem finds out the 24 hiour urine he ordered was
done on the wrong patient.
liT*^-
«^. ^&, JffTr.
If? 'nTTf! I
Back from two extramurals, John Norwood nnay need a
forklift to get the mail that won't fit in his box.
Richard Frederick Norem II John Morroh Norwood
Baton Rouge, Louisiana Memphis, Tennessee
Monica Mary O'Brien
St. Louis, Missouri
Greg John Ochsner
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
MGMltaI mmmn^am^^uai I m. \ ^ ^^ IhoUaeconiM T^WaVS ]W
Mark Joseph Porta
Fort Smith, Arkansas
Morilyn Evelyn Pelios
Metairie, Louisiana
Paul Christian Pflueger
Coral Gables, Florida
Vincent Gregory Pirri
White Plains, New York
David Edward Post
Gretna, Louisiana
George Richard Puente
Miami, Florida
Evan Seth Rotner
Brookline, Massachusetts
Anne Redelfs
Beaver, Pennsylvania
A post-call Marilyn Pelias dreads the thought of going over Kevin Joseph Renfree
to GYN clinic. Santa Rosa, California
Patrick Taylor Reynolds
Coral Gables, Florida
|=pgr T^WOVS IH^Uhss WTVW
James Michael Robbins
Troy, Michigan
Richard Gregg Robbins
Nortli Miami Beach, Fiorida
A if^t M
Jorge Antonio Rodriguez Jr. Maria Margarita Rodriguez Father-to-be Jim Robbins looks for good buys on Items for
New Orleans, Louisiana Miami, Fiorida the nev^^ arrival.
Bruce Ian Rogen
Beachwood, Ohio
Robert Edward Rosenberg Richard Stat Roth
Glen Cove, New York Convent Station, New Jersey
Jonathan Arlen Roundtree
Denham Springs, Louisiana
~E i -i" "^^ ^ IhoClaecofUM UV\/aVQ I I I
David Eric Schenk
Brookfield, Connecticut
Kimberly Marie Schnurpfeil Eric Alan Schoenberg
San Mateo, California Dunwoody, Georgia
Mindy Claire Schwartz
Potomac, Maryland
Clifford Allen Selsky
Miami, Florida
Richard Newman Sherman Albert Carleton Simmonds IV ^ happy Richard Sherman finishes Dermatology Clinic
Clarksdale. Mississippi Chevy Chose, Maryland
^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^y) ^^ -Iq-qo am.
1 2 T-WaUft IhoClacs onms
Richard Mark Slataper
Franklin, Louisiana
Claude Brand Smith
Jacl<son, Mississippi
Raquel Steele gets some private tutoring in Biochemistry
from someone wtio oughit to know.
Marie Jung Staiiworth
Knoxville, Tennessee
Raquei Ayn Steele
Metoirie, Louisiana
Cynthia Marie Stewart
Bettendorf, Iowa
Gilbert Gordon Stock Jr.
Metoirie, Louisiana
Kenneth Boyd Sumner
Mayfield, Kentucky
Kim Bowden Sutker
New Orleans, Louisiana
Jeffrey Tiong Guan Tan
Metoirie, Louisiana
Shachar Tauber
Forest Hills, New York
=2rs: I -c-S—^ The Class of ? 9S8 T-Wav^=n^
Rama T. Thiruvengadam
Ellicott City, Mar/land
Mark Harold Townsend
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
John Leander Turner IV
Greenvilie, Mississippi
Scott Douglas Tweten
IVIinot, North Dakota
Jon Uri locates a fetal heartbeat using ultrasound in labor
and delivery.
Clayton William Wagner
Silver Spring, Maryland
Peter Ttiomas Weller
Clarksville, New York
1 ]4 T-WaV© m& Class Of J 988 I
f'-?!:^:'^ Bznai
Andrew Daniel Wilkerson W. Hamilton Williams I
Alexandria, Louisiana Metairie, Louisiana
Wayne Wilbright changes his reservations (for the third time
this week) to accomodate residency interviews.
Beth Curtis Windsor
Cordova, Tennessee
Newtand Knigtit Worley
New Orleans, Louisiana
Stieryl Leigh Young
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Wade Anderson Young
Tupelo, Mississippi
Getting Personal
Gratulasjon En S0nn God Jobb.
Art, Donna, and Teresa Halvorson
Congratulations and Good Luck "Skip"
We all love you and are very proud.
Dr. and Mrs. Ellis Wilkerson
congratulate Danny on his becoming
a physician.
Congratulations, Gordon.
Mom and Dad Honda
Congratulations Martin Cogburn Jr.
on becoming an MD. Love and best
vs/ishes from your PROUD parents and
brother Tom.
Congratulations, Etienne Mejia. We are
proud of you. Mom, Dad, Grandma, and
Karen.
Congratulations Richardl So proud of you.
Love, Mom, Jim, and Missy.
Congratulations Richardl
Uncle Raymond, Aunt Yvonne & Family.
Congratulations Richard!
Aunt Dee, Uncle Paul & Sons.
Congratulations Richard!
Uncle Richard, Vickey, Nevi^man, Claire.
Congratulations Richardl
Uncle Phil, Aunt Shir! Rose & Phil.
Love and congratulations. Bob,
the first si)cth-generation
Hopkins physician.
Dr. and Mrs. Donald M. Hopkins
A dream fulfilled, Darma le,
Congratulations and love. Your parents
and sisters.
Dad & Mom Wagner proudly say "Great
job, Clayton!"
Congratulations and love, Mark. You have
reached the beginning. Now the pinnacle
is where you would have it to be. It is
within you. Your loving mother and dad.
Dr. and Mrs. Porta.
We lovingly congratulate you,
Caroiine.
Mary Burton, Bruce Jr.,
and Ru